Exam 4 Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| In most food chains, what is the ultimate source of energy? | sunlight
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| What is a photoautroph and what types of organisms are photoautrophs? | photoautrophs= organisms that produce energy by photosynthesis.
Types of photoautroph organisms: cyanobacteria, algae, and plants.
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| What is "photosynthesis"? | a process that uses sunlight to synthesize foods form CO2 and water
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| What is "electromagnetic radiation"? | a form of energy that travels through space in waves
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| What is a "photon"? | a "packet of energy" (elementary particle of electromagnetic radiation)
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| What determines the amount of energy in a photon? | the wavelength
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| What kinds of electromagnetic radiation are there? | gamma rays, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves
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| How are they different in terms of wavelengths and energy? | big waves=less energy (more red)
small waves= more energy (more violet)
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| What specific kind of electromagnetic radiation do plants absorb and use for photosynthesis? | infrared radiation
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| Photosynthesis pigments: | chlorophyll=primary pigments
carotenoids=secondary pigments
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| What colors of light do the chlorophyll pigments reflect as a color? | green
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| What colors of light do the carotenoid pigments reflect as a color? | yellow and orange
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| What colors of light do the pigments absorb for photosynthesis? | violet, blue, and red
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| What are stomata? | small openings on the bottom side of leaves that open and close to allow CO2 in and O2 out of leaf
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| Where is the stomata found? | leaves of plants
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| What is the stomata function in a plant? | transport gases and evaporates water out of leaves
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| What organelles performs photosynthesis? | chloroplasts
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| Thylakoids within chloroplasts: What are they? | a network of flattened membranes (look like coins)
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| What happens to water in the thylakoid? | water splits and provides an electron to the electron transport chain
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| What enzyme is involved in thylakoid? | water-splitting enzyme
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| What roles do the electron transport system and ATP synthase play in the thylakoid? | the transport system pumps H+ ions into thylakoid and ATP synthase is a H+ ion channel that lets H+ flow through it
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| How are the energized electrons, H+ ions and oxygen produced in the light-dependent reactions? | water is split
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| What happens to the energized electrons, H+ ions, ATP, and oxygen that are produced in the light-dependent reactions? | electrons=transfer energy from sunlight to covalent bonds; H+ ions=breakdown of water; ATP=provide energy for covalent bonds; Oxygen=help make glucose
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| For what purpose is carbon dioxide (CO2) used in the Calvin Cycle? | to supply carbon and oxgen to glucose
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| Where does the CO2 come form in the Calvin Cycle? | air supplies
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| For what purpose are H+ ions, ATP, and high energy electrons from the light-dependent reactions used in the Calvin Cycle? | to make glucose
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| What does the Calvin Cycle produce | glucose
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| What happens to the glucose that is made during the Calvin Cycle? | glucose is broken down by plants to produce ATP energy for plant cells
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| What are other molecules that can be make out of glucose? | sucrose or starch
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| How are these other chemicals used by the plant cell? | Sap moves sugar to different parts of plant; Starch is stored in seeds and in tubers; Sugar cane contains a lot of stored sucrose; Sucrose in the nectar of flower attracts pollinators
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| What is the summary formula for photosynthesis? | Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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| What is the ultimate source of energy for most organisms on this planet? | the sun
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