Exam 4 Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Define "energy". | the capacity of a physical system to do work
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| What is "potential energy"? | energy stored in matter
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| What are some examples of gravitational and chemical forms of potential energy? | Gravitational: boulder balanced on a cliff; an apple or acorn in a tree; stored energy due to water behind a dam.
Chemical: fossil fuel and woods; nutrients; ATP
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| What is "kinetic energy"? | energy contained in moving matter
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| What are some examples of kinetic energy? | Kinetic: an apple falling from a tree; boulder rolling downhill; water rushing out of dam; a roller coaster or train rolling down track; flow of electrons in an electric current.
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| What are the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics? | 1st law: amount of energy in the universe is constant.
2nd law: every energy transfer that takes place will increase entropy (disorder) of the universe and reduce amount of usable energy available to do work
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| How do these laws affect physical system and living organisms? | cells must capture, store and use energy to maintain organization and not fall into death and chemical reaction isn't 100% because they produce metabolic heat as a by-product
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| What is "entropy" and how does an input of energy affect entropy? | Entropy=randomness or disorder; it affects entropy because there is a loss of energy which increases entropy and no energy transfer is 100%
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| Are energy transfers 100% efficient? | No
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| What is produced as a by-product of energy transfer? | metabolic heat
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