Exam 4 Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the physical characteristics that are unique to mammals? | Cell migration and embryonic stem cell layers
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| What evolutionary traits and strategies did mammals evolve to adapt to their environment and to be more successful at reproduction? | Two types of embryonic development: Protostomes and deuterostomes (develop digestive system in different directions.
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| What is meant by "ectothermic" or "endothermic"? | ectothermic= body temperature matches environment and endothermic= warm-blooded
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| Are mammals ectothermic or endothermic? | endothermic
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| What specific vertebrate group is the ancestor of mammals? | therapsid reptiles
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| Which evolved first - birds or mammals? | mammals
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| Did mammals co-exist with dinosaurs? | Yes, but in the shadows
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| Did primates co-exist with dinosaurs? | No
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| What are the characteristics of class mammalia? | endothermic, have fur, sweat glands, internal fertilization and parental care, and mammary glands
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| Examples of characteristics of class mammalia. | lizard pressed against warm rocks gains heat; sweating human cooled by evaporation
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| What was the order of evolution of these groups? | monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians (placentals)
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| Where are monotremes and marsupials found today? | Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and New Zealand
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| Monotremes: | egg-laying mammals that nourish young with milk from mammary glands.
Ex: duck-billed platypus, short-beaked echidna
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| Marsupials: | protect and feed young with milk from mammary glands in external pocket/pouch.
Ex: possum, opossum, koala bear, kangaroo, and sugar glider
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| Placentals: | nourish young internally during embryonic and fetal development through placenta.
Ex: polar bears
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| What is a "placenta"? | a temporary organ comprised of embryonic and maternal tissues with an extensive blood supply
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| What did the placenta evolve from? | amniotic egg
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