Integumentary Disorders (Chapters 4, 12, 15, 16)
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| A vascular superficial layer that is the outer, protective layer | Epidermis
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| Manufactures Vitamin D (which is manufactured by the sun) | Epidermis
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| Second layer of the skin | Dermis
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| Gives skin structure, texture, substance, flexibility and strength | - Collegen
- Reticulum
- Elastin
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| Responsible for collagen synthesis and wound healing | Fibroblasts
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| Responsible for fluid and microbial removal | Lymphatic glands
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| Responsible for nutrients and thermoregulation | Blood vessels
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| Contains mast cells for inflammatory responses as well as macrophages (engulfing/repairing cells) | Dermis
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| Layer of skin the attaches skin to underlying tissue and organ | Hypodermis (Subcutaneous layer)
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| Sweat Glands contains | - Eccrine
- Apocrine
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| Eccrine | Regulates Body temperature
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| Apocrine | - Produces body odor
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| Skin dryness | Xerosis
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| Actinic lentigo | Brown spot of aging
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| What is released in response to injury? | - Prostaglandins
- Histamine
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| Systemic response to infection include | Elevated temp, chills, fever, malaise, fatigue, lymph node swelling, leukocytosis (WBC > 10,000), poor appetite, positive wound/blood cultures
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| Labs to monitor inflammation | WBC, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP)
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| Vitamins that aid in tissue healing | A, B, C and K
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| Primary (1st) intention healing | Shortened phase
Closed/uncomplicated/clean wound
Initial (inflammatory) phase
Scar contraction/maturation phase
7 days and continues several months
Thin scar
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| Secondary intention healing | Granulation/contraction
Deeper tissue injury or wound
Irregular wound margins
Greater inflammatory response with more debris/cells/exudate
Healing takes place from inside out
More granulation tissue/larger wound
Takes longer to heal
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| Tertiary (3rd) intention healing | Delayed suturing of wound
Contaminated wound left open
Primary wound infected, reopened surgically
High risk for infection
Large, deeper scar
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| Phases of wound healing | Physiological process
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling phase
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| Serous fluid | Thin, clear of slightly yellow
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| Serosanguinous fluid | Mixture of both clear and bloody exudate; pink
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| Sanguineous fluid | Both serum and red blood cells, thicker reddish appearance
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| Purulent | WBCs, tissue debris and bacteria
Thick, different color--brown, green, yellow drainage
May have odor--abnormal
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| Proliferative/Maturation phase = repair phase | Granulation tissue and epithelial cells form
Scar formation usually occurs
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| Partial thickness wounds (Stage II) | Damage to epidermis and upper latter of dermis
Heals by re-epithelialization within 5 to 7 days
Skin injury immediately followed by local inflammation
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| Full thickness wounds (Stage III or IV) | Damage to lower layers of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Removal of tissue results in defect, fills with granulation
Bone, tendon and muscle exposed
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