Axial Muscles
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| The body has more than how many muscles | 600
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| How much of our body weight is skeletal | 40% to 50%
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| What determines purposeful body movement | The manner in which muscles are grouped, the relationship of muscles to joints, and how muscles attach to the skeleton
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| Connective Tissue Components | 1)Endomysium
2) Perimysium
3)Epimysium
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| Epimysium can | Fuse to become a tendon or aponeurosis
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| The Endomysium | a delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers
(individual muscle fibers)
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| The Perimysium | a tough connective tissue binding fascicles
(envelopes bundles of muscle fiber)
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| The epimysium | a coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole
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| Parallel muscle shapes | long with tendinous intersection/
Rectus abdominis, Sartorius (most typical shape)
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| Convergent muscle shape | Pectoralis major (blades in a fan)
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| Pennate muscle shape | Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate, Flexor pollicis longus, Rectus femoris and Deltoid (feather like)
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| Fusiform muscle shape | Brachioradialis (parallel in the center or "belly" of the muscle but converge to a tendon at one end or both)
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| Spiral muscle shape | Latissimus dorsi (twist between point of attachment)
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| circular muscle shape | Orbicularis oris ( found around the mouth, eye and sphincters around the anus)
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| What is the Origin | The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts
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| What is the Insertion | The point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts
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| The Origin bone is | The more stationary of the two bones at a joint when contractions occur
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| Muscles have multiple | points of origins or insertions
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| Origins and insertion | are points that may change under certain circumstances.
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| Muscle contraction move bones which serve as | Levers, and by acting on joints, which serve as fulcrums for those levers
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| What movements are produced by the coordinated action of several muscles | 1) Prime movers 2)Agonist 3)Antagonist
4)Synergists 5) Fixator muscle
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| A prime mover is | A muscle that directly performs a specific movement
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| A Agonists is | any mover muscles that directly perform a movement, including the prime mover
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| Antagonists are | muscles that directly oppose prime movers when contracting; they relax while the prime mover is contracting to produce movement
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| Antagonists also | provide precision and control durning contraction of prime movers
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| Synergist are | muscles that contract at the same time as the PRIME MOVERS they facilitate prime mover actions to produce a efficient movement
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| Fixator muscles are | joint stabilizers
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| The Posterior portion of the deltoid muscle tenses to stabilize the shoulder joint, thus acting as a what | fixator muscles
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| A Lever system is composed of four parts, what are they | 1) Ridget bar(bone) 2) Fulcrum (joint in which the rod moves)
3) Load ( moves) 4) Pull that produces movement /muscle contraction
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| In the Human body | bones serve as levers, and joints serve as fulcrums
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| The third class levers is | the most commonly used in the body
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| Flexing the forearm at the elbow joint | is a commonly used example of a third-class lever
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| Muscles are named according to one or more of the following | 1)Location, Function and type 2) Direction of fibers 3) Number of heads or divisions 4)Points of attachment/ Origin and insertion points 5) Relative size/ small medium or large
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