Biology Chapter 8.1 Terms and Definitions
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| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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| histone | A TYPE OF PROTEIN MOLECULE FOUND IN THE CHROMOSOMES OF EUKARYOTIC
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| chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during osmosis
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| centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during meiosis and mitosis
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| chromatin | the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands, that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur
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| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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| homologous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis.
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| karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size.
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| diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
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| haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
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