Urinary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Calcitrol | Vitamin D
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| Hilum | The part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels enter or leave
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| Retroperitoneal | External or posterior to the peritoneum
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| Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney
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| Glomerulus | A capillary network within the renal corpuscle in a kidney
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| Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule) | Two layers of tissue that surround the glomerulus
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| Renal tubule | composed of a single layer, long, winding, tube
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| Proximal Convoluted Tubule | The first region of the renal tubule
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| Nephron Loop | Loop of Henle- Each nephron loop has two limbs
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| Distal convoluted tubule | Originates at the renal cortex and extends to a collecting tubule
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| Filtration Membrane | A porous, thin, and negatively charged structure that is formed by the glomerulus and visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
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| Peritubular Capillaries | The anatomic structures and physiologic conditions that influence tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
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| Vasa Recta | Straight capillaries that lie parallel to the loop of henle
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| Filtrate | The materials that pass through a filter
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| Filtration | The filtering of something through a filter to remove waste and other substances
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| Reabsorption | Being absorbed more than once
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| Pedicels | Renal hilum--or a foot process of a podocyte
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| Renal Threshold | Concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine
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| Aldosterone | Hormone produced by the adrenal gland; plays a major role in regulation of plasma sodium, extracellular potassium, and arterial blood pressure
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| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland; increases water reabsorption in the kidney and decreases urine production
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| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide | A powerful vasodilator and a protein hormone released by heart muscle cells
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| Aquaporins | Protein channels in the plasma membrane allowing the passage of water
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| Obligatory Water Absorption | Water follows reabsorbed solutes due to osmotic gradients created between the filtrate and intracellular fluid
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| Facultative Water Reabsorption | Permeability is controlled by ADH
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| Urea | A nitrogenous waste product produced by amino acid metabolism and eliminated in urine
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| Creatinine | Nitrogenous waste product resulting from the breakdown of creatine and excreted in urine
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| Ureters | Tubes that connect the kidney to the bladder
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| Urinary bladder | The sac that holds urine for excretion
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| Detrusor Muscle | Muscle that acts to expel urine from the bladder
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| Urethra | Tube that extends from the bladder and conducts urine to th exterior of the body
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| Micturition | Urination
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