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A&P II Chapter 24
Urinary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Calcitrol | Vitamin D |
| Hilum | The part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels enter or leave |
| Retroperitoneal | External or posterior to the peritoneum |
| Nephron | Functional unit of the kidney |
| Glomerulus | A capillary network within the renal corpuscle in a kidney |
| Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule) | Two layers of tissue that surround the glomerulus |
| Renal tubule | composed of a single layer, long, winding, tube |
| Proximal Convoluted Tubule | The first region of the renal tubule |
| Nephron Loop | Loop of Henle- Each nephron loop has two limbs |
| Distal convoluted tubule | Originates at the renal cortex and extends to a collecting tubule |
| Filtration Membrane | A porous, thin, and negatively charged structure that is formed by the glomerulus and visceral layer of Bowman's capsule |
| Peritubular Capillaries | The anatomic structures and physiologic conditions that influence tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion |
| Vasa Recta | Straight capillaries that lie parallel to the loop of henle |
| Filtrate | The materials that pass through a filter |
| Filtration | The filtering of something through a filter to remove waste and other substances |
| Reabsorption | Being absorbed more than once |
| Pedicels | Renal hilum--or a foot process of a podocyte |
| Renal Threshold | Concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine |
| Aldosterone | Hormone produced by the adrenal gland; plays a major role in regulation of plasma sodium, extracellular potassium, and arterial blood pressure |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland; increases water reabsorption in the kidney and decreases urine production |
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide | A powerful vasodilator and a protein hormone released by heart muscle cells |
| Aquaporins | Protein channels in the plasma membrane allowing the passage of water |
| Obligatory Water Absorption | Water follows reabsorbed solutes due to osmotic gradients created between the filtrate and intracellular fluid |
| Facultative Water Reabsorption | Permeability is controlled by ADH |
| Urea | A nitrogenous waste product produced by amino acid metabolism and eliminated in urine |
| Creatinine | Nitrogenous waste product resulting from the breakdown of creatine and excreted in urine |
| Ureters | Tubes that connect the kidney to the bladder |
| Urinary bladder | The sac that holds urine for excretion |
| Detrusor Muscle | Muscle that acts to expel urine from the bladder |
| Urethra | Tube that extends from the bladder and conducts urine to th exterior of the body |
| Micturition | Urination |
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