Skeletal, Muscle, Nervous
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| What are the immovable joints in the skull? | Sutures
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| Where does ossification of a long bone begin? | In the middle of the diaphysis
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| List bones in the axial skeleton. | The skull, sternum, ribs, and spinal column.
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| List and describe the 3 types of joints | Synarthroses — immovable joints
Amphiarthroses — Permits only slight movement
Diarthroses — Freely movable joints.
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| Define the term proximal. | Closest to the point of attachment.
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| Distinguish between tendons and ligaments. | Tendons -connect muscles to bones
Ligaments -connect bone to bone.
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| What is the outer covering of a long bone? | periosteum
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| Where does hematopoiesis occur? | In the bone marrow.
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| What is a compound fracture? | When the bone protrudes through the skin.
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| What is osteoarthritis? | Inflammation of the joints due to age.
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| What are the three types of healthy bone cells? | Osteoclasts -break bone
Osteoblasts -make bone
Osteocytes -mature bone cells.
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| Which two minerals are stored in bone? | Calcium and Phosphorus
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| How many bones in a normal human body? | 206
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| Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton. | Axial -includes skull, ribs, sternum, and the spine.
Appendicular - includes the arms, hands, legs, feet (appendages)
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| What is gross anatomy? | Anatomy that you do not need a microscope for.
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| List and describe or diagram 3 planes in the body. | Transverse plane -divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Sagittal plane -divides the body right and left parts
Coronal plane -divides the body into anterior or posterior portions.
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| What is pathology? | The study of diseases.
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| Which type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces? | Epithelial Tissue
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| What organs are contained in the abdominal cavity? | stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands.
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| Define the term inferior. | Lower most part of a structure or below.
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| Define the term lateral. | way from the midline or to the side.
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| List 3 structures found in the respiratory system. | Lungs, Larynx, trachea
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| Define the term superior. | The upper most part of a structure
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| Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest: organs, cells, organ systems, tissues | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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| What is morphology? | deals with the form and structure of plants and animals.
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| What is physiology? | The study of how structures work. (function)
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| Define the term distal. | away from the point of attachment.
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| Which tissue stores fat? | Adipose
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| Which type of epithelial tissue makes up the walls of the capillaries? | Simple Squamous
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| What is the basic unit of structure of the nervous system? | neurons
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| Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of extremely thin, flat cells? | simple squamous
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| Blood is which type of tissue? | connective
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| What is the matrix and which type of tissue contains a matrix? | Non-living intercellular(inside the cell) material. connective
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| List 6 types of epithelial tissue and briefly describe each or diagram each. | Simple Squamous -1 thin flat - air sacs of lungs & walls of capillaries
Simple Cuboidal -1 cube-shaped -kidney tubules & ducts of glands
Simple Columnar -1 elongated cells -digestive tract & uterus
Stratified Squamous -mulilayer, squamous - mouth &
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| List the 8 types of connective tissue. | Blood cells, Loose C.T, Bone, Fibrous C.t., Fibrocartilage, adipose, elastic,hyaline
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| What type of tissue controls the beating of the heart? | Cardiac (muscle)
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| List 2 places that smooth muscle is found. | stomach and hollow organs
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| Describe striated muscle. | Voluntary muscle is striated (you control it), skeletal.
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| Distinguish between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. | Osteoclasts-break bone
Osteoblasts-make bone
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| What is the stimulus strong enough to activate a neuron? | The stimulus has to reach the thresh hold
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| What is a synapse? | The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
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| Neurons that lack a myelin sheath are collectively called | gray matter
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| In relation to unmyelinated fibers, myelinated fibers conduct impulses | faster
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| What causes multiple sclerosis? | destruction of the myelin sheath of the neurons in the CNS
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| 45. What is the ability of a receptor to respond to a stimulus? | Excitability or irritability
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| 46. Are reflexes learned or not? How do you know? | They are not learned. In dangerous moments, you body takes over and reacts before you have the time to process it.
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| 47. What is the control center for all activities in the body? | CNS
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| 48. List 3 things that protect the spinal cord. | Vertebral column, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges
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| 49. Distinguish between efferent and afferent nerve fibers. | afferent -towards the cell body, sensory
efferent -away from the cell body, motor
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| 50. Distinguish between the origin and the insertion of a muscle. | origin -proximal attachment (doesn’t move)
insertion -distal attachment (does the movement)
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| 51. Distinguish between flexion and extension. | flexion -decreasing the angle between bones
extension -increasing the angle between joints
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| 52. Distinguish between abduction and adduction. | abduction -moving away from the midline of the body.
adduction -moving towards the midline of the body
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| 53. Distinguish between the agonist and antagonist. | Agonist -causes the movement to occur
Antagonist -opposes the movement and and returns the muscle to its original position.
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| 54. What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid? | draws head to chest when both are flexed draws head toward shoulder on contraction muscle side.
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| 55. What is the function of the masseter? | raises lower jaw and clenches teeth (chewing)
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| 56. What is the function of the orbicularis oris? | closes lips and aids in speech
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| 57. What is the function of the rectus femoris? | extends the lower leg
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| 58. What is the function of the rectus abdominus? | flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal organs
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| 59. What is the outer covering of a muscle? | epimysium
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| 60. Distinguish between pronation and supination. | pronation -palm downward
supination -palm upward
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| 61. Gray matter is made of neurons that lack a | myelin sheath
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| 62. What is the function of the cerebellum? | controls balance and muscle coordination
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| 63. Where is the respiratory center of the brain? | medulla oblongata
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| 64. Is a reflex arc learned or unlearned? | unlearned
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| 65. Damage to the primary motor area on the left side of the brain would cause... | problems on the right side of your body
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| 66. Where are the vital centers for heart rate and blood vessel diameter? | Vasomotor and Cardiac center in the medulla oblongata
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| 67. Damage to the olfactory nerve will most likely result in the inability to | smell
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| 68. What are the tough protective coverings lining the vertebral column and brain? | meninges
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| 69. The _______________ is concerned with balance and muscle coordination. | cerebellum
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| 70. The _________________ _____________ is part of the brainstem that controls heart rate. | medulla oblongata
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| 71. The __________ system of the brain is concerned with emotions. | limbic
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| 72. This word means to conduct impulses away from the CNS | efferent
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| 73. Nonconductive cells that protect and support neurons. | neuroglial cells
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| 74. Treelike branches of neuron | dendrites
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| 75. The kind of neuron that connects sensory neurons to motor neurons | associative
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| 76. Neurons that conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS | sensory
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| 77. The time it takes to see danger and react to it. | reaction time
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| 78. What are the 2 types of neurons? | neuron and neuroglial cells
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| 79. What are the 3 main parts of neuron? | dendrites, cell body, and axon
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| 80. What is the largest portion of the brain? | cerebrum
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Created by:
ToriPowell
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