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Biology Final 1
Skeletal, Muscle, Nervous
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the immovable joints in the skull? | Sutures |
| Where does ossification of a long bone begin? | In the middle of the diaphysis |
| List bones in the axial skeleton. | The skull, sternum, ribs, and spinal column. |
| List and describe the 3 types of joints | Synarthroses — immovable joints Amphiarthroses — Permits only slight movement Diarthroses — Freely movable joints. |
| Define the term proximal. | Closest to the point of attachment. |
| Distinguish between tendons and ligaments. | Tendons -connect muscles to bones Ligaments -connect bone to bone. |
| What is the outer covering of a long bone? | periosteum |
| Where does hematopoiesis occur? | In the bone marrow. |
| What is a compound fracture? | When the bone protrudes through the skin. |
| What is osteoarthritis? | Inflammation of the joints due to age. |
| What are the three types of healthy bone cells? | Osteoclasts -break bone Osteoblasts -make bone Osteocytes -mature bone cells. |
| Which two minerals are stored in bone? | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| How many bones in a normal human body? | 206 |
| Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeleton. | Axial -includes skull, ribs, sternum, and the spine. Appendicular - includes the arms, hands, legs, feet (appendages) |
| What is gross anatomy? | Anatomy that you do not need a microscope for. |
| List and describe or diagram 3 planes in the body. | Transverse plane -divides the body into superior and inferior portions Sagittal plane -divides the body right and left parts Coronal plane -divides the body into anterior or posterior portions. |
| What is pathology? | The study of diseases. |
| Which type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces? | Epithelial Tissue |
| What organs are contained in the abdominal cavity? | stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands. |
| Define the term inferior. | Lower most part of a structure or below. |
| Define the term lateral. | way from the midline or to the side. |
| List 3 structures found in the respiratory system. | Lungs, Larynx, trachea |
| Define the term superior. | The upper most part of a structure |
| Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest: organs, cells, organ systems, tissues | cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
| What is morphology? | deals with the form and structure of plants and animals. |
| What is physiology? | The study of how structures work. (function) |
| Define the term distal. | away from the point of attachment. |
| Which tissue stores fat? | Adipose |
| Which type of epithelial tissue makes up the walls of the capillaries? | Simple Squamous |
| What is the basic unit of structure of the nervous system? | neurons |
| Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of extremely thin, flat cells? | simple squamous |
| Blood is which type of tissue? | connective |
| What is the matrix and which type of tissue contains a matrix? | Non-living intercellular(inside the cell) material. connective |
| List 6 types of epithelial tissue and briefly describe each or diagram each. | Simple Squamous -1 thin flat - air sacs of lungs & walls of capillaries Simple Cuboidal -1 cube-shaped -kidney tubules & ducts of glands Simple Columnar -1 elongated cells -digestive tract & uterus Stratified Squamous -mulilayer, squamous - mouth & |
| List the 8 types of connective tissue. | Blood cells, Loose C.T, Bone, Fibrous C.t., Fibrocartilage, adipose, elastic,hyaline |
| What type of tissue controls the beating of the heart? | Cardiac (muscle) |
| List 2 places that smooth muscle is found. | stomach and hollow organs |
| Describe striated muscle. | Voluntary muscle is striated (you control it), skeletal. |
| Distinguish between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. | Osteoclasts-break bone Osteoblasts-make bone |
| What is the stimulus strong enough to activate a neuron? | The stimulus has to reach the thresh hold |
| What is a synapse? | The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron |
| Neurons that lack a myelin sheath are collectively called | gray matter |
| In relation to unmyelinated fibers, myelinated fibers conduct impulses | faster |
| What causes multiple sclerosis? | destruction of the myelin sheath of the neurons in the CNS |
| 45. What is the ability of a receptor to respond to a stimulus? | Excitability or irritability |
| 46. Are reflexes learned or not? How do you know? | They are not learned. In dangerous moments, you body takes over and reacts before you have the time to process it. |
| 47. What is the control center for all activities in the body? | CNS |
| 48. List 3 things that protect the spinal cord. | Vertebral column, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges |
| 49. Distinguish between efferent and afferent nerve fibers. | afferent -towards the cell body, sensory efferent -away from the cell body, motor |
| 50. Distinguish between the origin and the insertion of a muscle. | origin -proximal attachment (doesn’t move) insertion -distal attachment (does the movement) |
| 51. Distinguish between flexion and extension. | flexion -decreasing the angle between bones extension -increasing the angle between joints |
| 52. Distinguish between abduction and adduction. | abduction -moving away from the midline of the body. adduction -moving towards the midline of the body |
| 53. Distinguish between the agonist and antagonist. | Agonist -causes the movement to occur Antagonist -opposes the movement and and returns the muscle to its original position. |
| 54. What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid? | draws head to chest when both are flexed draws head toward shoulder on contraction muscle side. |
| 55. What is the function of the masseter? | raises lower jaw and clenches teeth (chewing) |
| 56. What is the function of the orbicularis oris? | closes lips and aids in speech |
| 57. What is the function of the rectus femoris? | extends the lower leg |
| 58. What is the function of the rectus abdominus? | flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal organs |
| 59. What is the outer covering of a muscle? | epimysium |
| 60. Distinguish between pronation and supination. | pronation -palm downward supination -palm upward |
| 61. Gray matter is made of neurons that lack a | myelin sheath |
| 62. What is the function of the cerebellum? | controls balance and muscle coordination |
| 63. Where is the respiratory center of the brain? | medulla oblongata |
| 64. Is a reflex arc learned or unlearned? | unlearned |
| 65. Damage to the primary motor area on the left side of the brain would cause... | problems on the right side of your body |
| 66. Where are the vital centers for heart rate and blood vessel diameter? | Vasomotor and Cardiac center in the medulla oblongata |
| 67. Damage to the olfactory nerve will most likely result in the inability to | smell |
| 68. What are the tough protective coverings lining the vertebral column and brain? | meninges |
| 69. The _______________ is concerned with balance and muscle coordination. | cerebellum |
| 70. The _________________ _____________ is part of the brainstem that controls heart rate. | medulla oblongata |
| 71. The __________ system of the brain is concerned with emotions. | limbic |
| 72. This word means to conduct impulses away from the CNS | efferent |
| 73. Nonconductive cells that protect and support neurons. | neuroglial cells |
| 74. Treelike branches of neuron | dendrites |
| 75. The kind of neuron that connects sensory neurons to motor neurons | associative |
| 76. Neurons that conduct impulses TOWARD the CNS | sensory |
| 77. The time it takes to see danger and react to it. | reaction time |
| 78. What are the 2 types of neurons? | neuron and neuroglial cells |
| 79. What are the 3 main parts of neuron? | dendrites, cell body, and axon |
| 80. What is the largest portion of the brain? | cerebrum |
Created by:
ToriPowell
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