chapter 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| aerobic | with oxygen
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| anaerobic | without oxygen
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| NAD | an electron carrier that converts to NADH
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| FAD | an electron carrier that converts to FADH2
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| Cellular Respiration | a way for cells to make energy when oxygen is present, and is the transformation of the chemical energy in food into energy for cells
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| Fermentation | a way for cells to make energy when oxygen is not present, results in less energy
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| Equation for Cellular Respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP( energy)
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| Decomposition Reaction | taking a larger molecule and making it into smaller molecules
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| Decomposition | a pathway that provides the energy cells need to function occurs with or without oxygen
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| Breathing | CR uses O2 to help harvest energy from glucose and produces CO2 in the processes which is then exhaled
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| Where is Glycolysis preformed | the cytoplasm
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| Where is the Kreb's Cycle preformed | the matrix of the mitochondria
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| Where is the Electron Transport System/Chain preformed | the cristae of the mitochondria
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| how many ATP come from one glucose molecule in CR | 38
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| what goes into Glycolysis | 2 ATP, glucose
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| what is formed in Glycolysis | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP 2 NADH
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| what goes out of Glycolysis and where does it go | 2 pyruvate into the krebs cycle , 2 NADH to the ETC
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| Pyruvates (Pyruvic Acid) | are always converted into Acetyl coenzyme A
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| What fuels CR | glucose and oxygen
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| How many ATP come from Fermentation | 2
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| Pre Kreb's Cycle | where pyruvates change to acetyl COA
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| what goes into the Kreb's Cycle | acetyl COA
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| what is formed in the Kreb's Cycle | 2 ATP, 2 FADH², 6 NADH, CO2
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| what goes out of the Kreb's Cycle and where does it go | 2 FADH² into the ETC, 6 NADH into the ETC, 2 ATP
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| what goes out of the Pre Kreb's Cycle and where does it go | CO2 into the atmosphere, 2 NADH into the ETC
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| what goes into the ETC | O2, 2 FADH², 10 NADH
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| how many ATP form from one NADH | 3
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| haw many ATP form one FADH² | 2
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| what goes out of the ETC | H2O, 34 ATP
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| how many ATP come from all 3 stages | 38
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| where is Fermentation preformed | the cytoplasm like glycolysis
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| what is oxygen's role in CR | oxygen determines if respiration occurs aerobically or anaerobically, also how many atp are produced bc it could be 38 or 2
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| where is most ATP made | ETC
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| what are other sources of sugar besides glucose that can help make ATP | carbs, fats, proteins
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| Biosynthesis | grabs electron carriers from glycolysis and krebs cycle and are used as building blocks for other molecules your body needs consists of many metabolic pathways,
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| actin | thin filaments
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| myosin | thick filaments
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| what are filaments | threadlike object or fiber
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| when does the contraction of a muscle occur | when actin filament smove over the myosin filaments
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| what is ATP's role in muscle contraction | it is used to release myosin head from actin and to rest the myosin head in position to start the cycle over again
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| slow twitch fibers | aerobic, more endurance, high resistance to fatigue, helpful in long distance running, swimming, biking etc. are dark and have many mitochondria
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| fast twitch fibers | strength, quick fatigue, weight lifting, springing, are light and have few mitochondria
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| where does mitochondrial disease cause the most damage | brain, heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, endocrine system, respiratory system.
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| heat | CR releases some energy as this which helps keep our internal temp constant, some plants produce enough that they release an odor
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| exergonic | energy exits
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| alcoholic fermentation | pyruvic acid break down, uses yeast which can ferment w or w/o O2, converts pryvaute to CO2 and ethanol wihle oxidizing NADH to NAD+
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| lactic acid fermentation | produces lactic acid, co2 and 2 atp happens because there is no 02 supply after glycosis happens in muscles
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| what are the products of alcoholic fermentation | ethanol co2 NAD+ 2ATP
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| hydrolysis of ATP | add a molecule of water to break a bond
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| dehydration of ATP | loose a water molecule to make a bond between ADP and P
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| CR production of heat | releases energy as heat and helps keep our internal temps constant
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| how is pyruvic acid made | from broken down glucose
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| how is photosynthesis different from cellular respiration | the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis and vise versa
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| oxygen's role in cellular respiration | O2 determines if respiration occurs arobically or aneribically
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| carbon dioxide role in cellular respiration | product of prekrebs and krebs cycle and is released into the atmosphere for use
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| importance of prekrebs cycle | changes 2 pyruvate into 2 acytl CoA which then produces all the electron cariers to later produce the majority of the ATP
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| what is the electron acceptor in cellular respiration | oxygen
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