Organic Chemistry
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| What are 3 examples of carbohydrates in food? | Bread, potato, pasta
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| What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? | Monosaccharide
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| What is the monomer of a protein? | Amino acid
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| What elements make up most organic molecules? | CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
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| What are the monomers of nucleic acid? | Nucleotides
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| What is the process of joining monomers to build a carbohydrate or protein called? | Dehydration Synthesis
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| How does dehydration synthesis work? | Water is removed from the molecule to attach monomers
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| What is the process of breaking down a carbohydrate or protein into smaller monomers? | Hydrolosis
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| How does hydrolosis work? | Water is added to split a disaccharide
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| What is the function of a monosaccharide? | Main fuel that cells use for cellular work
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| What is the function of a disaccharide? | This is a transport sugar for plants because it is too large to fit into cells
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| What is the function of a polysaccharide? | Energy storage and structure
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| What energy storage polysaccharide do we use? | Glycogen
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| What energy storage polysaccharide do plants use? | Starch
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| What structural polysaccharide do we use? | Chitin
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| What structural polysaccharide do plants use? | Cellulose
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| What is the difference between an organic and inorganic molecule? | Organic molecule contains carbon, inorganic does not
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| How many carbon bonds can be made with other elements? | 4
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| What are polymers made up of? | Monomers
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| Monomers are linked together to make what? | Polymers
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| What are the four classes of organic molecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and protein
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| What is a saturated fat? | Glycerol molecule which have all single carbon-carbon bonds and the chain is saturated with hydrogen. The molecule can copy the shape of its neighbor.
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| What is an unsaturated fat? | Glycerol molecule which have one or more carbon double bonds in the chain. The molecule can not copy the shape of its neighboring chain.
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| What state of matter is a saturated fat at room temperature? Why? | Solid; Each lipid can copy the shape of its neighbor causing layering, thus making it solid.
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| What state of matter is an unsaturated fat at room temperature? | Liquid; Each lipid can not copy the shape of its neighbor and therefore cannot layer, making the fat liquid.
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| What is an example of a saturated fat? | Butter
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| What is an example of an unsaturated fat? | Plant oil
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| Which organic molecule has the greatest energy per gram? | Lipids (Twice as much)
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| What is the function of a glyceride? | Long term energy storage
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| How does glyceride help animals like whales and polar bears? | Insulation
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| Where is glyceride stored in animals? | Fat
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| Where is glyceride stored in plants? | Seeds
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| What is the function of phospholipids? | Make cell membrane
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| What are the two ends of a phospholipid? | One is hydrophillic (charge) and one is hydrophobic (no charge)
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| What is the function of waxes? | Plant leaves are covered with wax to help conserve water
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| What are steroids used for? | Steroids are hormones that determine physical development
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| How many types of amino acids are used in living things? | 20
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| What is the function of proteins? | Structure and chemistry
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| What is the role of singular nucleotides? | Temporary energy storage
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| What is the function of DNA? | Makes proteins
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| What is the function of RNA? | Assisting DNA in making of proteins
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| What is the chemical formula of a monosaccharide? | C6 H12 06
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| What is a double helix? | DNA
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| What are the three parts of a nucleotide? | 1)A five carbon sugar
2)A base that has nitrogen atoms
3)An ion of phosphoric acid known as phosphate
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| Why do companies still use trans fat even if it's bad for you? | Long shelf life
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| How is trans fat made? | Double bonds of unsaturated fat are broken
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| What is atherosclerosis? | Hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup.
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| Are LDL or HDL better for you? | HDL
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