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Organic Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
What are 3 examples of carbohydrates in food? Bread, potato, pasta
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? Monosaccharide
What is the monomer of a protein? Amino acid
What elements make up most organic molecules? CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
What are the monomers of nucleic acid? Nucleotides
What is the process of joining monomers to build a carbohydrate or protein called? Dehydration Synthesis
How does dehydration synthesis work? Water is removed from the molecule to attach monomers
What is the process of breaking down a carbohydrate or protein into smaller monomers? Hydrolosis
How does hydrolosis work? Water is added to split a disaccharide
What is the function of a monosaccharide? Main fuel that cells use for cellular work
What is the function of a disaccharide? This is a transport sugar for plants because it is too large to fit into cells
What is the function of a polysaccharide? Energy storage and structure
What energy storage polysaccharide do we use? Glycogen
What energy storage polysaccharide do plants use? Starch
What structural polysaccharide do we use? Chitin
What structural polysaccharide do plants use? Cellulose
What is the difference between an organic and inorganic molecule? Organic molecule contains carbon, inorganic does not
How many carbon bonds can be made with other elements? 4
What are polymers made up of? Monomers
Monomers are linked together to make what? Polymers
What are the four classes of organic molecules? Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and protein
What is a saturated fat? Glycerol molecule which have all single carbon-carbon bonds and the chain is saturated with hydrogen. The molecule can copy the shape of its neighbor.
What is an unsaturated fat? Glycerol molecule which have one or more carbon double bonds in the chain. The molecule can not copy the shape of its neighboring chain.
What state of matter is a saturated fat at room temperature? Why? Solid; Each lipid can copy the shape of its neighbor causing layering, thus making it solid.
What state of matter is an unsaturated fat at room temperature? Liquid; Each lipid can not copy the shape of its neighbor and therefore cannot layer, making the fat liquid.
What is an example of a saturated fat? Butter
What is an example of an unsaturated fat? Plant oil
Which organic molecule has the greatest energy per gram? Lipids (Twice as much)
What is the function of a glyceride? Long term energy storage
How does glyceride help animals like whales and polar bears? Insulation
Where is glyceride stored in animals? Fat
Where is glyceride stored in plants? Seeds
What is the function of phospholipids? Make cell membrane
What are the two ends of a phospholipid? One is hydrophillic (charge) and one is hydrophobic (no charge)
What is the function of waxes? Plant leaves are covered with wax to help conserve water
What are steroids used for? Steroids are hormones that determine physical development
How many types of amino acids are used in living things? 20
What is the function of proteins? Structure and chemistry
What is the role of singular nucleotides? Temporary energy storage
What is the function of DNA? Makes proteins
What is the function of RNA? Assisting DNA in making of proteins
What is the chemical formula of a monosaccharide? C6 H12 06
What is a double helix? DNA
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 1)A five carbon sugar 2)A base that has nitrogen atoms 3)An ion of phosphoric acid known as phosphate
Why do companies still use trans fat even if it's bad for you? Long shelf life
How is trans fat made? Double bonds of unsaturated fat are broken
What is atherosclerosis? Hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup.
Are LDL or HDL better for you? HDL
Created by: 220ccarmody
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