for cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What do cells get from their environment? | food, oxygen, water, and other substances
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| What do cells release from their environment | waste materials
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| Materials are moved into and out of the cells by the ____________. | cell membrane
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| What does it mean by "cell membranes are semipermeable?" | It means that some materials can pass through and others cannot and they act like a kitchen strainer
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| True or False: Do cell membranes have pores like our skin that allow small particles to pass through, but the larger particles get trapped and cannot pass through the membrane? | True
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| True or False: Are molecules not constantly on motion? | False: molecules are constantly on motion and as they move they spread out or diffuse
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| Diffusion | when particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration (particles move from where there were many to where there are few)
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| What is diffusion also called? | passive transport
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| Does this process use energy? | NO!
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| What is and example of diffusion | food coloring spreading in water
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| Equilibrium | molecules of a substance are spread out evenly throughout a space and the molecules continue to move
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| Osmosis | the diffusion of water across a membrane
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| Active transport | is the opposite of diffusion; particles move from an area of low concentration to high concentration (from where there are few to where there are many
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| Does active transport use energy? | yes
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| Active transport also includes... | the movement of LARGE particles across a membrane
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| Example of active transport | plant cells taking in minerals from the soil even though they already have lots of minerals
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| Endocytosis | the cell membrane folds to make a sphere around excessively large molecules; the sphere pinches off and forms a vacuole with the molecules in side; the vacuole floats around in the cytoplasm
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| Example of endocytosis | the cell membrane uses this process to allow large materials to enter the cell
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| Exocytosis | the Golgi bodies move packaged waste products to the cell membrane; the package fuses to the cell membrane; wastes are released outside the cell
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| Where do organisms get their energy? | from the food they eat and cells that take chemical energy stored in food and change it into other forms so it can be used during metabolism
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| Metabolism | the total of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism
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| Examples of metabolism | photosynthesis, respiration, digestion
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| What are the two groups that organisms are divided into? | producers and consumers
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| Producers | organisms that can make their own food
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| Ex. of producers | plants
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| Consumers | organisms that cannot make their own food
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| Ex. of consumers | animals and fungi
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| Photosynthesis | the process that producers use to change light energy from the sun into chemical energy that cam be used
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| What does the energy in the sun change? | it changes carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen
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| What is glucose? | used as food by the plant
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| What is oxygen given off as? | waste products
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| Chlorophyll | a green pigment that traps the sunlight
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| Where does photosynthesis take place? | in the chloroplasts
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| What is the chemical equation for photosythesis? | energy + 6H2O + 6CO2 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy + water + carbondioxide -> glucose + oxygen
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| What do consumers have to do to take in stored energy from food? | eat producers (plants) or eat other consumers who have eaten plants
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| A food chain shows... | the flow of energy throughout the ecosystem
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| Respiration | all living things do it to release energy from food; all organisms nee some way of releasing energy from food to be able to use it
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| Aerobic respiration | requires energy
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| Where does aerobic respiration take place? | the mitochondria
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| What happens during respiration? | food molecules (glucose) and oxygen get broken down and carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) are given off as waste products
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| Is respiration the opposite of photosynthesis? | yes
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