muscular system flashcards
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| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity
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| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium
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| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia
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| Numerous visible bundles that make up muscle | Muscle fasciculi
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| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi. | Perimysium
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| Muscle cells that make up muscle fasciculi | Fibers
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| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber | Endomysium
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| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibril
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| Thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments
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| Thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments
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| Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere
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| Each sarcomere extends from one _ ____ to another _ ____. They're attachment sites for actin. | Z line
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| ch side of the Z line is a light area called an _ ____, it consists of actin. | I band
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| The _ ____ extends the length of the myosin. It is the darker central region in each sarcomere. | A band
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| In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the _ ____, which consists of only myosin. | H zone
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| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the _ ____. | M line
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| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential
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| brief reversal back of the charge | action potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons
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| formed by each branch that connects to the muscle | neuromuscular junction or synapse
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| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit
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| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal
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| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft
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| each presynaptic terminal contains _______ ________ that secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. | Synaptic vesicles
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| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is broken down by an enzyme, ___________________. | Acetylcholinesterase
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| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism
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| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch
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| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________ | threshold
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| When the stimulus reaches the threshold, the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This phenomenon is called the ___________ ________. | all-or-none response
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| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | lag phase
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| time of contraction | contraction phase
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| the time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany
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| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment
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| needed for energy for muscle contraction | adenosine triphosphate
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| ATP is produced in the ____________ | mitochondria
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| when at rest muscle cells can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called ________ _________ | creatine phosphate
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| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration
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| with oxygen (more efficient) | aerobic respiration
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| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | oxygen debt
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| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue
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| equal distance | isometric
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| equal tension | isotonic
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| refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone
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| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers
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| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers
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| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin
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| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion
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| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly
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| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists
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| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists
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| one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover
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| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis
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| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi
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| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris
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| flattens the cheeks | buccinator
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| smiling muscle | zygomaticius
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| sneering | levator labii superioris
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| frowning | depressor anguli oris
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| chewing | mastification
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| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles
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| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles
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| lateral neck mucle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid
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| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae
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| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals
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| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals
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| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm
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| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba
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| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominus
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| rotates scapula | trapezius
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| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior
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| adducts and flees the arm | pectoralis major
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| extends the forearm | triceps brachii
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Created by:
meredithcobb
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