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Ch. 6 Muscles
muscular system flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium. | Fascia |
| Numerous visible bundles that make up muscle | Muscle fasciculi |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fasciculi. | Perimysium |
| Muscle cells that make up muscle fasciculi | Fibers |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber | Endomysium |
| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibril |
| Thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments |
| Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere |
| Each sarcomere extends from one _ ____ to another _ ____. They're attachment sites for actin. | Z line |
| ch side of the Z line is a light area called an _ ____, it consists of actin. | I band |
| The _ ____ extends the length of the myosin. It is the darker central region in each sarcomere. | A band |
| In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called the _ ____, which consists of only myosin. | H zone |
| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the _ ____. | M line |
| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| formed by each branch that connects to the muscle | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| each presynaptic terminal contains _______ ________ that secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. | Synaptic vesicles |
| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is broken down by an enzyme, ___________________. | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | muscle twitch |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________ | threshold |
| When the stimulus reaches the threshold, the muscle fiber will contract maximally. This phenomenon is called the ___________ ________. | all-or-none response |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP is produced in the ____________ | mitochondria |
| when at rest muscle cells can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called ________ _________ | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen (more efficient) | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| the most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticius |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastification |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck mucle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominus |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flees the arm | pectoralis major |
| extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
Created by:
meredithcobb
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