Electrolyte Imbalances Chapter 10
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| Hyponatremia | A lab value less than 135
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| Hyponatremia | Cells are swelling with too much sodium
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| Hyponatremia | Manifestations: Diaphoresis, GI/GU loss, SIADH, anorexia, nausea, and GI problems,
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| Hyponatremia | Neuro Changes: headache, AMS, and possible seizure activity
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| Hyponatremia | Medications: Loop diuretics
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| Hyponatremia | Avoid thiazide diuretics
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| Hyponatremia | Replace sodium
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| Hypernatremia | A lab value greater than 145
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| Hypernatremia | Cells are loosing water causing them to srink
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| Hypernatremia | Manifestation: dehydration, N/V, very thirsty, concentrated blood, dry/sticky mucous membrane,and tonic muscle involvement
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| Hypernatremia | Neuro Changes: confusion, decreased LOC, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage
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| Hypernatremia | Medication: 1/2 NS with D5
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| Hypernatremia | Medication: Thiazide diuretics
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| Hypokalemia | A lab value less than 3.5
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| Hypokalemia | Changes in sinus rhythm; dysrythmias
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| Hypokalemia | T wave becomes flattened or inverted
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| Hypokalemia | ST segment can be depressed
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| Hypokalemia | Manifestations: lack of energy, not hungry, N/V
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| Hypokalemia | Medcation: Potassium Replacement
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| Hypokalemia | Digoxin Toxicity
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| Hypokalemia | Diet: OJ, bananas, avocados, potatoes, apricots, tomatoes, some milk products, meat, cantaloupe, and spinnach
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| Hyperkalemia | A lab value greater than 5
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| Hyperkalemia | Potassium is in the ECF
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| Hyperkalemia | Peaked T wave
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| Hyperkalemia | QRS is wide
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| Hyperkalemia | Ultimate concern for cardiac arrest
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| Hyperkalemia | Manifestations: muscle twitches, tightness, tremors, slight neuro change (anxiety), diarrhea (r/t muscular activity)
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| Hyperkalemia | Burns and trauma can heighten lab values
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| Hyperkalemia | Medications: Kayexalate and insulin
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| Hyperkalemia | Concern for renal failure
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| Hypocalcemia | A lab value less than 8.5
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| Hypocalcemia | Possible manifestation after postthyroidectomy
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| Hypocalcemia | Manifestations: tingling of the mouth and fingers, muscle tetany, convulsions of muscles, seizure activity, bronchial spasms,
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| Hypocalcemia | More Extreme Manifestations: respiratory arrest, bradycardia, SOB, low SPO2, stridor, nasal flaring, and intercostal breathing
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| Hypocalcemia | Alcoholics are more at risk to develop
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| Hypocalcemia | Vitamin D may be necessary
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| Hypocalcemia | Diet: dairy, broccoli, rhubarb, collard greens, canned sardines/salmon
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| Hypocalcemia | Important to keep the patient calm
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| Hypercalcemia | A lab level greater than 10
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| Hypercalcemia | May be related to a tumor on the parathyroid
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| Hypercalcemia | Manifestations: Bone breakdown, decreased neuromuscular activity and motor optic activity, poor muscle control, weakness, decreased GI activity, constipation
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| Hypercalcemia | More Extreme Manifestations: Bradycardia, heart block, decreased contractility, confusion, poor judgement, acute psychosis
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| Hypercalcemia | Digoxin Toxicity
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| Hypercalcemia | Medications: Loop diuretics, calcitonin, sodium/potassium phosphate, istonic fluid
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| Hypomagnesmia | A lab value less than 1.6
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| Hypomagnesmia | Manifestations: increased neuromuscular excitability, tremors, muscle weakness, lack f control, seizure risk, confusion, disorientation, cardiac dysrrhythmia, sudden death, tetany, numbness, and decreased deep tendon reflexes
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| Hypomagnesmia | Can be seen in OB
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| Hypomagnesmia | Positive for Chevostek's and Trasous
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| Hypocalcemia | Positive for Chevostek's and Trasous
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| Hypomagnesmia | Digoxin Toxicity
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| Hypomagnesmia | Medication: Magnesium Sulfate
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| Hypomagnesmia | Diet: grains, nuts, green leafy vegetables, grapefruit, brans, oranges, chocolate, and some meats
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| Hypermagnesmia | A lab value greater than 2.6
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| Hypermagnesmia | Manifestations: suppressed nervous system activity, weak, lethargic, lack of energy, drowsiness, decreased LOC, diminished deep tendon reflexes, decreased BP, and dysrythmias
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| Hypermagnesmia | Concern for renal failure
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| Hypermagnesmia | Possibly due to eating disorder, use of antacids, or excessive use of laxatives
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| Hypermagnesmia | Medications: Calcium gluconate (emergency- IV)
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