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Electrolytes
Electrolyte Imbalances Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hyponatremia | A lab value less than 135 |
| Hyponatremia | Cells are swelling with too much sodium |
| Hyponatremia | Manifestations: Diaphoresis, GI/GU loss, SIADH, anorexia, nausea, and GI problems, |
| Hyponatremia | Neuro Changes: headache, AMS, and possible seizure activity |
| Hyponatremia | Medications: Loop diuretics |
| Hyponatremia | Avoid thiazide diuretics |
| Hyponatremia | Replace sodium |
| Hypernatremia | A lab value greater than 145 |
| Hypernatremia | Cells are loosing water causing them to srink |
| Hypernatremia | Manifestation: dehydration, N/V, very thirsty, concentrated blood, dry/sticky mucous membrane,and tonic muscle involvement |
| Hypernatremia | Neuro Changes: confusion, decreased LOC, seizures, and cerebral hemorrhage |
| Hypernatremia | Medication: 1/2 NS with D5 |
| Hypernatremia | Medication: Thiazide diuretics |
| Hypokalemia | A lab value less than 3.5 |
| Hypokalemia | Changes in sinus rhythm; dysrythmias |
| Hypokalemia | T wave becomes flattened or inverted |
| Hypokalemia | ST segment can be depressed |
| Hypokalemia | Manifestations: lack of energy, not hungry, N/V |
| Hypokalemia | Medcation: Potassium Replacement |
| Hypokalemia | Digoxin Toxicity |
| Hypokalemia | Diet: OJ, bananas, avocados, potatoes, apricots, tomatoes, some milk products, meat, cantaloupe, and spinnach |
| Hyperkalemia | A lab value greater than 5 |
| Hyperkalemia | Potassium is in the ECF |
| Hyperkalemia | Peaked T wave |
| Hyperkalemia | QRS is wide |
| Hyperkalemia | Ultimate concern for cardiac arrest |
| Hyperkalemia | Manifestations: muscle twitches, tightness, tremors, slight neuro change (anxiety), diarrhea (r/t muscular activity) |
| Hyperkalemia | Burns and trauma can heighten lab values |
| Hyperkalemia | Medications: Kayexalate and insulin |
| Hyperkalemia | Concern for renal failure |
| Hypocalcemia | A lab value less than 8.5 |
| Hypocalcemia | Possible manifestation after postthyroidectomy |
| Hypocalcemia | Manifestations: tingling of the mouth and fingers, muscle tetany, convulsions of muscles, seizure activity, bronchial spasms, |
| Hypocalcemia | More Extreme Manifestations: respiratory arrest, bradycardia, SOB, low SPO2, stridor, nasal flaring, and intercostal breathing |
| Hypocalcemia | Alcoholics are more at risk to develop |
| Hypocalcemia | Vitamin D may be necessary |
| Hypocalcemia | Diet: dairy, broccoli, rhubarb, collard greens, canned sardines/salmon |
| Hypocalcemia | Important to keep the patient calm |
| Hypercalcemia | A lab level greater than 10 |
| Hypercalcemia | May be related to a tumor on the parathyroid |
| Hypercalcemia | Manifestations: Bone breakdown, decreased neuromuscular activity and motor optic activity, poor muscle control, weakness, decreased GI activity, constipation |
| Hypercalcemia | More Extreme Manifestations: Bradycardia, heart block, decreased contractility, confusion, poor judgement, acute psychosis |
| Hypercalcemia | Digoxin Toxicity |
| Hypercalcemia | Medications: Loop diuretics, calcitonin, sodium/potassium phosphate, istonic fluid |
| Hypomagnesmia | A lab value less than 1.6 |
| Hypomagnesmia | Manifestations: increased neuromuscular excitability, tremors, muscle weakness, lack f control, seizure risk, confusion, disorientation, cardiac dysrrhythmia, sudden death, tetany, numbness, and decreased deep tendon reflexes |
| Hypomagnesmia | Can be seen in OB |
| Hypomagnesmia | Positive for Chevostek's and Trasous |
| Hypocalcemia | Positive for Chevostek's and Trasous |
| Hypomagnesmia | Digoxin Toxicity |
| Hypomagnesmia | Medication: Magnesium Sulfate |
| Hypomagnesmia | Diet: grains, nuts, green leafy vegetables, grapefruit, brans, oranges, chocolate, and some meats |
| Hypermagnesmia | A lab value greater than 2.6 |
| Hypermagnesmia | Manifestations: suppressed nervous system activity, weak, lethargic, lack of energy, drowsiness, decreased LOC, diminished deep tendon reflexes, decreased BP, and dysrythmias |
| Hypermagnesmia | Concern for renal failure |
| Hypermagnesmia | Possibly due to eating disorder, use of antacids, or excessive use of laxatives |
| Hypermagnesmia | Medications: Calcium gluconate (emergency- IV) |
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sogle001
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