Cellular Metabolism and Molecule Building: Importance of Food
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| Metabolism | the chemical processes that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life.
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| Energy | the ability to do work
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| Nutrients | components in food that the body needs to grow, develop and repair itself
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| Macronutrients | nutrients that organisms must ingest in a large amount to maintain health
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| Enzyme | a special class of proteins that speed up biological reaction by lowering the energy needed to start the reaction; known as the energy of activation; tools of the cell
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| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
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| Activation Energy | the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
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| Active Site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
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| Catabolic Reaction | destructive metabolism; the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy
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| Anabolic Reaction | constructive metabolism; the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones
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| Denature | to treat (a protein or the like) by chemical or physical means so as to alter its original state.
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| Digestive system | the system by which ingested food is acted upon by physical and chemical means to provide the body with absorbable nutrients and to excrete waste products
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| Mechanical Digestion | Food is broken down by chewing, biting and tearing
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| Chemical Digestion | Food is broken down by enzymes
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| Mouth | Chews food into smaller bits
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| Pharynx | swallows
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| Salivary Glands | breaks down starch into sugar through chemical digestion; salivary amylase
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| Esophagus | peristalsis; cardiac sphincter
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| Liver | makes bile; largest organ
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| Gull Bladder | stores bile; attached to liver
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| Stomach | pepsin; hydrochloric acid; mucus
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| Small Intestine | most chemical digestion happens; absorbtion; every macromolecule is broken down here
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| Pancreas | makes enzymes, carbs, lipids and bicarbonates
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| Large Intestine | absorbs water and vitamins; produces vitamins B and K
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| Peroxidase | breaks down toxic peroxide in to water and oxygen
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| Substrate | molecules that are being changed by the enzyme
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