EBR EMS Chapter 16 Definitions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| anabolism | cells making complex molecules from simpler compounds; opposite of catabolism
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| assimilation | when food molecules enter the cell and undergo chemical changes
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| avitaminosis | vitamin deficiency
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| basal metabolic rate | number of calories of heat that must be produced per hour by catabolism to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortably warm
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| calorie | heat unit; the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C
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| carbohydrate loading | the method used by athletes to increase the stores of muscle glycogen, allowing more sustained aerobic exercise
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| catabolism | breakdown of food compounds or cytoplasm into simpler compounds; opposite of anabolism, the other phase of metabolism
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| citric acid cycle | the second series of chemical reactions in the process of glucose metabolism; an aerobic process; also called the Krebs cycle
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| electron transport system | cellular process within mitochondria that transfers energy from high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to ATP molecules so that the energy is available to do work in the cell
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| glycogenesis | formation of glycogen from glucose or from other monosaccharides, fructose, or galactose
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| glycolysis | the first series of chemical reactions in glucose metabolism; changes glucose to pyruvic acid in a series of anaerobic reactions
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| hypervitaminosis | condition of having too few vitamen molecules in the body for normal function
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| kilocalorie | 1000 calories
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| metabolism | complex process by which food is used by a living organism
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| plasma protein | any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen
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| thermoregulation | maintaining homeostasis of body temperature
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| total metabolic rate | total amount of energy used by the body per day
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| vitamin | organic molecules needed in small quantities to help enzymes operate effectively
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