Ch. 5 Vocab.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Gregor Mendel | Known as the "Father of Genetics"
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| heredity | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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| dominant trait | Even if only one of these alleles is present, this trait will always show in the organism
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| recessive trait | This trait only appears if both alleles of this trait are present
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| gene | A set of instructions for an inherited trait
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| allele | One of the alternative forms of a gene that determines a characteristic, such as hair color
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| phenotype | The physical trait that you can see
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| genotype | The combination of your alleles for a trait
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| heterozygous/hybrid | When the combination of alleles are different such as Tt or Pp
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| homozygous/purebred | When the combination of alleles are the same such as TT, tt, PP, or pp
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| probability | The likelihood or chance that an event will occur.
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| self-pollinating plants | Plants that have both male and female reproductive structures, are also known as "true-breeding"
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| cross-pollination plants | When pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another plant.
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| The ratio that Gregor Mendel found in the second generation of his experiments when he crossed two hybrid plants together. | 3:1 ratio
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| Punnett Square | Used to organize all of the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents.
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| selective breeding | When humans use naturally occurring genetic patterns to pass desired traits on to generations of plants and animals.
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| inbreeding | When we selectively breed in a family line of an organism for a specific trait. This reduces the number of genetic differences.
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| hybridization | When breeders or scientists cross different organisms in hopes of producing offspring with the best traits of each organism.
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| genetic engineering | When scientists remove a bit of genetic material from one organism and insert it into anotherr
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| cloning | When scientists use genetic information from a single cell of an organism to produce another organism with the same genetic information (makes an exact copy)
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| sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that carry genes that determine if an organism's sex is going to be male or female.
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| incomplete dominance | When the phenotypes of two alleles blend together such as the red snapdragon and the white snapdragon making a pink snapdragon.
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| codominance | When an organism has two different alleles of a gene and shows both phenotypes at the same time such as with tabby cats.
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| polygenic | When inherited traits are defined by more than one gene.
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