EBR EMS Chapter 15 Definitions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| alimentary canal | the digestive tract as a whole
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| bolus | a small, rounded mass of masticated food to be swallowed
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| cholecystectomy | the surgical removal of the gallbladder
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| chyme | partially digested food mixture leaving the stomach
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| dental caries | decay of teeth
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| diarrhea | defecation of liquid feces
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| digestion | the breakdown of food materials either mechanically or chemically
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| duodenal papilla | ducts located in the middle third of the duodenum that empty pancreatic digestive juices and bile from the liver into the small intestine; there are two ducts, the major duodenal papillae and the minor papillae
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| duodenum | the first subdivision of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs
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| emulsify | in digestion, when bile breaks up fat
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| feces | waste material discharged from the intestines
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| fractal geometry | the study of surfaces with a seemingly infinite area, such as the lining of the small intestine
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| frenulum | the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease | also known as GERD, a set of symptoms resulting from a hiatal hernia that allows stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus; symptoms include heartburn or chest pain and coughing or choking during or just after a meal
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| gastroesophageal sphincter | a ring of smooth muscle around the opening of the stomach at the lower end of the esophagus that acts as a valve to allow food to enter the stomach but prevents stomach contents from moving back into the esophagus
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| greater omentum | a pouchlike extension of the visceral peritoneum
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| hiatal hernia | a bulging out of the stomach through the opening of the diaphragm where the esophagus normally passes; this condition may prevent the valve between the esophagus and stomach from closing, thus allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus
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| ileum | the distal portion of the small intestine
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| jaundice | abnormal yellowing of skin, mucous membranes, and white of eyes
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| jejunum | the middle third of the small intestine
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| lumen | the hollow space within a tube
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| malocclusion | abnormal contact between the teeth of the upper jaw and lower jaw
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| mastication | chewing
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| mesentery | a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
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| peristalsis | wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestines that move food material along the digestive tract
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| peritoneal space | small, fluid-filled space between the visceral and parietal layers that allows the layers to slide over each other freely in the abdominopelvic cavity
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| plica | multiple circular folds
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| pyloric sphincter | sphincter that prevents food from leaving the stomach and entering duodenum
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| rugae | wrinkles and folds
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| ulcer | a necrotic open sore or lesion
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| uvula | cone-shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities
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| villus | fingerlike folds covering the plicae of the small intestines
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