Chapter 29
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| charophytes | green algae that are the closest relatives of land plants
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| traits land plants share with charophytes | rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins, structure of flagellated sperm, formation of a phragmoplast
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| sporopollenin | a layer of a durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
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| five key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes | alternation of generations, multicellular, dependent embryos,
walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia,
apical meristems
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| alternation of generations | a reproductive cycle where plants alternate between two multicellular stages
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| gametophyte | haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis
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| diploid sporophyte | which produces haploid spores by meiosis
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| sporangia | spores in organs produced by sporophyte
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| sporocytes | diploid cells that undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores
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| gametangia | organs that are produced within gametes
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| archegonia | female gametangia that produce eggs and are the site of fertilization
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| antheridia | male gametangia that produce and release sperm
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| apical meristems | where plants sustain continual growth
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| cuticle | a waxy covering of the epidermis
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| stomata | specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and the plant
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| lycophytes | club mosses and their relatives
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| monilophytes | ferns and their relatives
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| seed | an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
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| gymnosperms | the “naked seed” plants, including the conifers
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| angiosperms | the flowering plants
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| liverworts | phylum Hepatophyta
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| mosses | phylum Bryophyta
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| hornworts | phylum Anthocerophyta
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| rhizoids | anchor gametophytes to substrate
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| xylem | conducts most of the water and minerals and includes tube-shaped cells called tracheids
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| lignin | strengthen water-conducting cells are and provide structural support
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| phloem | has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
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| roots | organs that anchor vascular plants
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| leaves | organs that increase the surface area of vascular plants, thereby capturing more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis
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| microphylls | leaves with a single vein
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| megaphylls | leaves with a highly branched vascular system
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| sporophylls | modified leaves with sporangia
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| sori | clusters of sporangia on the undersides of sporophylls
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| strobili | cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls
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| heterosporous | all seed plants and some seedless vascular plants
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| Phylum Lycophyta | includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts
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| Phylum Monilophyta | includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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