BI Lab 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| interphase | phase in which the cell can be considered to be preparing to divide
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| G1, first growth stage | consists of increased metabolic activity and replication of organelles
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| S (synthesis) phase | when DNA is duplicated
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| G2, second growth phase | when protein synthesis occurs to make components that are essential for mitosis
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| mitosis | division of the nuclear contents
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| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm
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| G0 | refer to a cell that has not yet become committed to going through cell division again
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| chromosome | consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere
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| sister chromatids | joined by a centromere
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| centromere | join two sister chromatids
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| mitotic spindle | on either side of the centromere, microtubules attach the chromosomes to the __________________ during the mitotic phase
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| mitosis | nuclear division
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| prophase | the duplicated chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct darkly stained bodies in the nuclear area
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| nuclear envelope | the membrane that encloses the nucleus, breaks down
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| metaphase | the chromosomes align along the cell's equator or metaphasic plate
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| anaphase | the double-stranded chromosomes are pulled apart at their centromeres
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| single-stranded chromosome | migrates toward the opposite pole of the cell
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| telophase | the single-stranded chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cells and nuclear envelopes reappear around each set of single-stranded chromosomes
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| cytokinesis | cytoplasmic division, actually begins in anaphase, completion occurs following telophase
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| meristems | regions of active cell division that result in the elongation of tips in stems and toots, and in the expansion of girth in woody plants
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| allium | onion root tip
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| parent cell | go through a series of stages to produce two new daughter cells
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| daughter cells | with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
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| fertilization | joining of sperm and ovum
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| zygote | diploid cell that is produced when the sperm and ovum join together
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| cleavage | cell divisions, no growth occurs
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| blastula | ball of cells in which repeated mitotic divisions take place
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| cleavage furrow | helps accomplish cytokinesis in animal cells
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| centrioles | involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis in animal cells
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| embryology | animal development
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| sygote | fertilized egg
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| growth | occurs when the cells get larger and continue to divide
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| differentiation | refers to the specialization of cells
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| morphogenesis | occurs when the body begins to take shape
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| two-cell | stage of development in which the fertilized egg or zygote divides
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| four-cell | stage of development in which the two-cell stage divides
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| morula | continued division of the cell leads to this many-celled stage which resembles a raspberry
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| blastula | the morula becomes a hollow ball of cells
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| gastrula | blastula later develops into this
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| unfertilized egg | can be identified by the large nucleus and darkly stained nucleolus
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| haploid | the egg only contains half of the chromosome number of the parent
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| diploid zygote | egg fertilization by a haploid sperm results in this
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| fertilization membrane | forms around the egg to prevent other sperm from entering it, but this membrane is not visible on all slides because it may have been destroyed when the slides were prepared
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| cleavage | consists of mitotic cell division without growth in cell size
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| yolk | the only food source during cleavage
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| blastomeres | individual cells in each stage, are getting smaller
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| eight-cell stage | cleavage of the four-cell stage results in this
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| blastocoel | inside the blastula is this fluid-filled cavity
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| invagination | gastrulation, signals the beginning of the gastrula stage; the cells at one end of the blastula begin to push into the blastocoel as they divide
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| archenteron | the invagination consists of a slight indention that grows and forms this primitive gut
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| blastopore | the opening of the archenteron
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| deuterostomes | the blastopore forms the anus
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| ectoderm | will form the outer skin and the nervous systerm
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| mesoderm | will give rise to the muscles, connective tissues, and reproductive organs
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| endoderm | will form the digestive tract and associated organs
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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