Honors Bio H.W #3
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A nucleotide that is essential to cellular respiration.
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| Amino Acid | Contains a carbon bond with four functional groups. One example of an amino acid is glycine
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| Carbohydrate | The molecules composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
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| Cellulose | Makes up the cell wall
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| Chitin | A polysaccharide in which glucose subunits bear a nitrogen-containing group
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| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction when two molecules are joined by a
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| covalent bond and h2o is withdrawn from the end result. |
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| Denatured | To disrupt the second protein sequence while not touching anything else.
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The genetic code found in the nucleus of a cell that
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| tells all the secrets of life for the organism it is for. |
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| Disaccharide | When two monosaccharides are linked
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| Disulfide Bridge | The bonds between sulfur and other cysteines.
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| Enzyme | Proteins that guide almost all the chemical reactions inside of the cells
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| Fat | Lipids that are formed by glycerol
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| Fatty Acid | Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxylic acid group at one end.
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| Functional Group | Groups of atoms that determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecules.
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| Glucose | Sugar
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| Glycerol | A three carbon molecule that is used to form fats
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| Glycogen | An energy storage molecule that is most often used in animals.
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| Helix | A spiral shape.
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| Hydrolysis | When something is broken apart by water.
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| Inorganic | Something that does not contain carbon. One example of an inorganic compound is water.
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| Lactose | A form of sugar that is often found in milk or dairy products. Contains Glucose and galactose.
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| Lipid | A fat or fatty substance. Some examples of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes.
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| Maltose | glucose plus glucose.
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| Monomer | individual subunits ( Greek: one part)
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| Monosaccharide | carbohydrates that are consist of just one sugar molecule ( Greek for “single sugar”).
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| Nucleic acid | long chains of similar subunit called nucleotides.
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| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group, have three structures
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| Oil | formed by dehydration synthesis from three fatty acid subunits and one molecule of glycerol.
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| Organic | molecules that have a carbon skeleton and contain some hydrogen atoms.
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| Peptide | a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain.
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| Peptide bond | a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water.
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| Phospholipid | similar to oil, except one of the three fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group with a short, polar functional group attached to the end.
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| Pleated sheet | polypeptide chains that repeatedly fold back upon themselves, with hydrogen bonds holding adjacent segments of the polypeptide together.
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| Polymer | long chains of monomers.
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| Polysaccharide | a polymer of many monosaccharides.
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| Primary structure | sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.
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| Protein | molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
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| Quaternary structure | individual polypeptides that sometimes linked together, forming a fourth level of protein organization.
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| Ribonucleic acid ( RNA) | copied from the DNA in the nucleus of each cell that are formed by chains of ribose nucleotides.
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| Saturated | contained the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms
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| Secondary structure | interaction of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor residues of the repeating peptide unit.
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| Starch | a polysaccharide.
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| Steroid | synthesized from cholesterol, that have a similar, nonpolar molecule structure ( compare the carbon rings).
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| Sucrose | glucose plus fructose , used as an energy storage molecule in sugarcane and sugar beets.
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| Sugar | composed of two monosaccharides.
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| Tertiary Structure | three-dimensional structures that determine that final configuration of the polypeptide.
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| Triglyceride | chemical name given to fat and other in the same structure.
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| Unsaturated | double bonds between some carbons and consequently fewer hydrogens, the fatty acids are said to be _______.
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| Wax | chemically similar to fats, but not as a food source.
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