Root, Prefix, Suffix, Abbreviation List
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| spondylo- | vetebra
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| myelo- | spinal cord; bone marrow. e.g, myeloblast: immature bone marrow cell
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| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus used indomethacin (Indocin)
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| COX-1 | Protects stomach lining, but platelet aggregation
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| COX-2 | Causes inflammation and pain
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| phago- | eat, swallow e.g. phagocyte
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| -genic | produced by e.g. ulcergenic
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| epi- | above, upon e.g. epigastric
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| trans- | across e.g. transverse: turning across
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| pyresis | state of fever (-esis: condition, state of)
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| erythema | widespread redness of the skin
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| DX | diagnosis
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| Rx | prescription medication
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| QD | every day
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| BID | two times a day
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| TID | three times a day
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| QID | four times a day
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| QOD | every other day
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| -osis | abnormal condition
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| bovine | cow
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| porcine | pig
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| equine | horse
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| murine | mice
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| NME | new molecular entity -pioneer/1st class drugs -truly unique
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| "No drug has original effects" | means can block, enhances, but can't replace(replace: insuline; enhance: stimulate heart, lungs; interrupt: hypertension
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| "No drug has just one action" | Therapeutic effect (pharmacologic effect), side effect (effects other than the therapeutic effects), adverse effect (a toxic side effect)
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| lithotripsy | crushing the kidney stone for easy removal; -tripsy: to crush
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| nephrolithiasis (renal calculi) | kidney stone
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| polydysia | very thirsty
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| polyuria | very frequent urination
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| dysuria | lack of urine
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| xerostomia | dry mouth
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| ectopic kidneys | kidneys located in an abnormal location (congenital defect)
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| CKD | chronic kidney dz: condition during whcih serum cratinine and BUN levels rise leading to impairment of body systems
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| CRF | chronic renal failure: progressive loss of kidney function
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| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal condition of viginal and bladder fistulous tract allowing urine to flow directly into the vigina
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| enuresis | wet bed
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| stress incontinence | occurs with strain on the bladder opening during coughing or sneezing
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| urgency incontinence | occurs with inablility to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void
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| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones (renal calculi
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| nephrolithodynia | ureteral colic
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| hydronephrosis | condition in which the renal pelvis accummulates an abnormal level of urine caused by kidney stones
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| prolapse | slide forwards
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| anaphylaxis | an extreme allergic reaction to a substance (ana- means up)
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| prophylaxis | protection (-phylaxis: protect, pro-: before)=prevention
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| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | prevents the conversion of CO2 & H20 to HCO3- & H+ and via versa
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| anacusis | a state of complete deafness (-acusis/-cusis: hearing)
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| vertigo | sensation of whirling motion (dizziness)
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| oophor- | ovary e.g., unilateral oophorectomy: removal of one ovary
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| salpingo- | Fallopian tube e.g., salpingectomy: removal of the Fallopian tube
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| masto- | breast e.g., gynecomastia: condition of breast enlargement in males
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| ICP | Intracranial pressure
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| ACE inhibitor | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor -ends with "-opril"
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| ARB's | Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers -ends with "-sartan"
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| angio-, vaso- | blood vessels
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| thrombo- | clot
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| SA node | on roof of R. atrium
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| AV node | at junction btwn atrium and ventricle
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| Bunddle of His | two branches in the interventricular septum
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| Purkinje fibers | radiate from bottom and up (more branches)
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| P wave | depolarization of the atrium -atrial systole
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| QRS | depolarization of the ventricle -ventricular systole
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| T wave | repolarization of the ventricle -ventricular diastole
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| Bundle of His | located at the top portion of the interventricular septum and gives rise to bundle branches
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| Bundle branch | found in the interventricular septum, eitheir be the left or right branch.
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| NSR | normal sinus rhythm
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| EKG/ECG | electrocardiogram
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| HR | normal heart rate is from 60bpm-100bpm
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| aneurysm | local widening of an arterial wall subjects to rupturing
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| regurgitaion | a bubble up of blood into atrium from ventricle
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| MVP | Mitral valve prolapse (inverted valve)
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| LVH | left ventricle hypertrophy (left ventricle works harder to pump blood through a narrow artery)
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| diaphoresis | the process of sweating
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| dextro- right | dextrocardia: abnormally located to the right
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| myocardium | heart tissue that undergoes MI
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| endocardium | this inner heart layer of IV drug users usually get infected
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| DNR | do not resuscitate
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| tamponade | collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity causes compression of the heart
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| NGT | Nasogastric Tube -FDA-approved use of nimodipine (Nimotop)by pulling capsule to give via NGT (not NTG)
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| CAB/CABG | coronary artery bypass
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| CPR | cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
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| PTCA | angioplasty for short (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty)
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| CPK | cardiac isoenzymes
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| stent | artificial piece that keeps the wall of artery from coming back together
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| cinchonism | collection of Sx caused by quinidine intoxication
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| SLE | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -a lupus-like Sx
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| IV bolus | is a large volume of fluid or dose of drug given intravenously and rapidly at one time
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| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis (a clot formed in a large vein of the lower limb)
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| PE | embolism (embolus: transient clot, thrombus: localized clot)
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| variose vein | abnormally swollen or twisted vein of the legs
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| CO | cardiac output depends on HR(chronotropic)and stroke volume (inotropic =force of contraction)
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| NS | normal saline (NaCl 0.9%)
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| D5W | dextrose 5% in water
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| CVA | cerebrovascular acident (stroke) aka cerebral infarction/brain attack
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| idiopathic | etiology (cause) unknown
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| TPA | Tissue plasminogen activator for Tx of stroke, aka Activase
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| syncope | loss of conciousness
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| angiorrhaphy | the repair by suture of a blood vessel
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| hypertrichosis/hirsuitism | overgrowth of hairs
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| Hct | Hematocrit: percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood (-crit means separate)
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| aniscytosis | an abnormality of red blood cells of unequal size
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| ascites | a peritoneal edema due to low albumins
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| Ig | immunoglobin ( Ig -M,A,G,D,E)
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| BMT | bone marrow transplant
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| hematopoiesis | process forming blood cells
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| erythropoiesis | process forming red blood cells
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| myelopoiesis | bone marrow synthesis
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| N/V | nausea/vomiting
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| melena | blood in stool
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| c(- on top) | with
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| p(- on top) | after
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| G-CSF | granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
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| GM-CSF | granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor
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| LMWH | low molecular weight heparin
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| -rrhexis | rupture e.g. splenorrhexis: ruptured spleen
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| lympho- | lymph
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| lymphocyto- | lymphatic cells
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| lymphangio- | lymphatic vessel
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| lymphadeno- | lymphatic tissue
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| ecchymosis | bruise
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| epistaxis | bloody nose
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| petechiae | small bruise (dots)
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| purpura | large patch of bruise usually seen in the elderly
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| IC | intracardiac
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| legend drugs | Rx only drugs
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| drug origins | plants, animals and minerals
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| approval of NME | is based on safetly (min risk) and efficacy (has to work)
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| ADR | adverse drug reaction (side effect)
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| DTC | direct to consumer
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| TI | therapeutic index (measures safety) = LD50/ ED50
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| NTI | narrow therapeutic index= a small change in dosage could cause toxic results
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| idosyncratic effect | an unexpected side effect
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| NKA/NKDA | no know Ax/no known drug Ax
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| teratogenic | causing birth defects
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| iatrogenic | Tx causes problems
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| IA | intra-articular (joint)
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| PR | per rectum (rectal route)
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| SQ | subcutaneous
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| SL | sublingual
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| pharmacokinetic | movement of drugs (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolite, Excretion)
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| tachyphylaxis | develop tolerance quickly
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| Placebo | innert, used in testing controlled experiment
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| EC | enteric coated
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| XR | extended release
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| trade name | contains registered trademarks
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| indication | valid reason to use the drug for
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| contraindication | conditions or factors that a drug is not supposed to be used for
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| bioavailability | fraction of drug administered which is actually absorbed and reached the circulation
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| osteo-, osseo- | bone
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| teno-, tendino- | tendon
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