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Body System I
Root, Prefix, Suffix, Abbreviation List
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| spondylo- | vetebra |
| myelo- | spinal cord; bone marrow. e.g, myeloblast: immature bone marrow cell |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus used indomethacin (Indocin) |
| COX-1 | Protects stomach lining, but platelet aggregation |
| COX-2 | Causes inflammation and pain |
| phago- | eat, swallow e.g. phagocyte |
| -genic | produced by e.g. ulcergenic |
| epi- | above, upon e.g. epigastric |
| trans- | across e.g. transverse: turning across |
| pyresis | state of fever (-esis: condition, state of) |
| erythema | widespread redness of the skin |
| DX | diagnosis |
| Rx | prescription medication |
| QD | every day |
| BID | two times a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| QID | four times a day |
| QOD | every other day |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| bovine | cow |
| porcine | pig |
| equine | horse |
| murine | mice |
| NME | new molecular entity -pioneer/1st class drugs -truly unique |
| "No drug has original effects" | means can block, enhances, but can't replace(replace: insuline; enhance: stimulate heart, lungs; interrupt: hypertension |
| "No drug has just one action" | Therapeutic effect (pharmacologic effect), side effect (effects other than the therapeutic effects), adverse effect (a toxic side effect) |
| lithotripsy | crushing the kidney stone for easy removal; -tripsy: to crush |
| nephrolithiasis (renal calculi) | kidney stone |
| polydysia | very thirsty |
| polyuria | very frequent urination |
| dysuria | lack of urine |
| xerostomia | dry mouth |
| ectopic kidneys | kidneys located in an abnormal location (congenital defect) |
| CKD | chronic kidney dz: condition during whcih serum cratinine and BUN levels rise leading to impairment of body systems |
| CRF | chronic renal failure: progressive loss of kidney function |
| vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal condition of viginal and bladder fistulous tract allowing urine to flow directly into the vigina |
| enuresis | wet bed |
| stress incontinence | occurs with strain on the bladder opening during coughing or sneezing |
| urgency incontinence | occurs with inablility to hold back urination when feeling the urge to void |
| nephrolithiasis | kidney stones (renal calculi |
| nephrolithodynia | ureteral colic |
| hydronephrosis | condition in which the renal pelvis accummulates an abnormal level of urine caused by kidney stones |
| prolapse | slide forwards |
| anaphylaxis | an extreme allergic reaction to a substance (ana- means up) |
| prophylaxis | protection (-phylaxis: protect, pro-: before)=prevention |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | prevents the conversion of CO2 & H20 to HCO3- & H+ and via versa |
| anacusis | a state of complete deafness (-acusis/-cusis: hearing) |
| vertigo | sensation of whirling motion (dizziness) |
| oophor- | ovary e.g., unilateral oophorectomy: removal of one ovary |
| salpingo- | Fallopian tube e.g., salpingectomy: removal of the Fallopian tube |
| masto- | breast e.g., gynecomastia: condition of breast enlargement in males |
| ICP | Intracranial pressure |
| ACE inhibitor | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor -ends with "-opril" |
| ARB's | Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers -ends with "-sartan" |
| angio-, vaso- | blood vessels |
| thrombo- | clot |
| SA node | on roof of R. atrium |
| AV node | at junction btwn atrium and ventricle |
| Bunddle of His | two branches in the interventricular septum |
| Purkinje fibers | radiate from bottom and up (more branches) |
| P wave | depolarization of the atrium -atrial systole |
| QRS | depolarization of the ventricle -ventricular systole |
| T wave | repolarization of the ventricle -ventricular diastole |
| Bundle of His | located at the top portion of the interventricular septum and gives rise to bundle branches |
| Bundle branch | found in the interventricular septum, eitheir be the left or right branch. |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| EKG/ECG | electrocardiogram |
| HR | normal heart rate is from 60bpm-100bpm |
| aneurysm | local widening of an arterial wall subjects to rupturing |
| regurgitaion | a bubble up of blood into atrium from ventricle |
| MVP | Mitral valve prolapse (inverted valve) |
| LVH | left ventricle hypertrophy (left ventricle works harder to pump blood through a narrow artery) |
| diaphoresis | the process of sweating |
| dextro- right | dextrocardia: abnormally located to the right |
| myocardium | heart tissue that undergoes MI |
| endocardium | this inner heart layer of IV drug users usually get infected |
| DNR | do not resuscitate |
| tamponade | collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity causes compression of the heart |
| NGT | Nasogastric Tube -FDA-approved use of nimodipine (Nimotop)by pulling capsule to give via NGT (not NTG) |
| CAB/CABG | coronary artery bypass |
| CPR | cardio-pulmonary resuscitation |
| PTCA | angioplasty for short (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) |
| CPK | cardiac isoenzymes |
| stent | artificial piece that keeps the wall of artery from coming back together |
| cinchonism | collection of Sx caused by quinidine intoxication |
| SLE | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -a lupus-like Sx |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| IV bolus | is a large volume of fluid or dose of drug given intravenously and rapidly at one time |
| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis (a clot formed in a large vein of the lower limb) |
| PE | embolism (embolus: transient clot, thrombus: localized clot) |
| variose vein | abnormally swollen or twisted vein of the legs |
| CO | cardiac output depends on HR(chronotropic)and stroke volume (inotropic =force of contraction) |
| NS | normal saline (NaCl 0.9%) |
| D5W | dextrose 5% in water |
| CVA | cerebrovascular acident (stroke) aka cerebral infarction/brain attack |
| idiopathic | etiology (cause) unknown |
| TPA | Tissue plasminogen activator for Tx of stroke, aka Activase |
| syncope | loss of conciousness |
| angiorrhaphy | the repair by suture of a blood vessel |
| hypertrichosis/hirsuitism | overgrowth of hairs |
| Hct | Hematocrit: percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood (-crit means separate) |
| aniscytosis | an abnormality of red blood cells of unequal size |
| ascites | a peritoneal edema due to low albumins |
| Ig | immunoglobin ( Ig -M,A,G,D,E) |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| hematopoiesis | process forming blood cells |
| erythropoiesis | process forming red blood cells |
| myelopoiesis | bone marrow synthesis |
| N/V | nausea/vomiting |
| melena | blood in stool |
| c(- on top) | with |
| p(- on top) | after |
| G-CSF | granulocyte-colony stimulating factor |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor |
| LMWH | low molecular weight heparin |
| -rrhexis | rupture e.g. splenorrhexis: ruptured spleen |
| lympho- | lymph |
| lymphocyto- | lymphatic cells |
| lymphangio- | lymphatic vessel |
| lymphadeno- | lymphatic tissue |
| ecchymosis | bruise |
| epistaxis | bloody nose |
| petechiae | small bruise (dots) |
| purpura | large patch of bruise usually seen in the elderly |
| IC | intracardiac |
| legend drugs | Rx only drugs |
| drug origins | plants, animals and minerals |
| approval of NME | is based on safetly (min risk) and efficacy (has to work) |
| ADR | adverse drug reaction (side effect) |
| DTC | direct to consumer |
| TI | therapeutic index (measures safety) = LD50/ ED50 |
| NTI | narrow therapeutic index= a small change in dosage could cause toxic results |
| idosyncratic effect | an unexpected side effect |
| NKA/NKDA | no know Ax/no known drug Ax |
| teratogenic | causing birth defects |
| iatrogenic | Tx causes problems |
| IA | intra-articular (joint) |
| PR | per rectum (rectal route) |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| SL | sublingual |
| pharmacokinetic | movement of drugs (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolite, Excretion) |
| tachyphylaxis | develop tolerance quickly |
| Placebo | innert, used in testing controlled experiment |
| EC | enteric coated |
| XR | extended release |
| trade name | contains registered trademarks |
| indication | valid reason to use the drug for |
| contraindication | conditions or factors that a drug is not supposed to be used for |
| bioavailability | fraction of drug administered which is actually absorbed and reached the circulation |
| osteo-, osseo- | bone |
| teno-, tendino- | tendon |
Created by:
ucifall2000
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