MicroBiology
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| The study of inheritance of heredity that explores | Genetics
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| The sum total of genetic material of an organism | Genome
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| The study of an organisms entire genome | Genomic
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| A discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule | Chromosome
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| Basic Informational packets | Genes
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| The sum of all types of genes constituting an organisms distinctive genetic makeup | Genotype
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| The expression of the genotype that creates certain structures or functions | Phenotype
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| Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogeneous based | Basic unit of DNA (nucleotide)
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| Prurines and pyramidines | Nitrogeneous bases
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| One side of the helix runs in the opposite direction of the other: | Antiparallel
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| Synthesizes a new daughter strand of DNA using the parental strands as a template | DNA polymerase III
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| The place in the helix where the strands are unwound and replication is taking place | Replication fork
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| A length of RNA that is inserted initially dieing replication before being replaced by DNA | Primer
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| The stand of new DNA that is synthesized continously in a 5'-3' direction | Leading strand
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| The Strand of new DNA that must be synthesized in short segments | Lagging strand
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| Short segments of DNA synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction which are then sealed together to form 3' to 5' strand |
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| DNA is used to synthesize RNA | Transcription
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| RNA is used to produce proteins | Translation
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| Transports the DNA master code to the ribosome | mRNA
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| Brings amino acids to ribosome dieing translation | tRNA
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| Forms the major part is a ribosome and participate in protein synthesis | rRNA
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| Regulation of gene expression and coiling chromatin | miRNA
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| Sugar is ______ rather than Deoxyribose | Ribose
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| A series of triplet bases that hold the messages of the transcribed mRNA | Codons
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| Contains sequences of bases that for hydrogen with the complementary sections of the same tRNA strand | tRNA
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| Found in the bottom loop of the cloverleaf Designates the specificity of the tRNA and complements the mRNA codon | Anticodon
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| Long polynucleotide molecules Forms complex 3D figure that contributes to the structure and function of ribosomes | RRNA
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| The thing that unwinds or UNZIPS | Helicase
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| How many phosphate groups | 1
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| How many sugar groups | 1
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| How many bases | 1
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| What is the messenger genetic code and how do you do it | The message in mRNA, through codons(groups of 3)
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| A goes to | T
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| U goes to | A
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| G goes to | C
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| DNA will always have the code | T
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| RNA will always have the code | U
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| The second stage of gene expression is what | Translation
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| Another words for proteins | Amino acids
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| Another word for amino acids | Ribosomes
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| What are the three stages of translation | Initiation
Elongation
Termination
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| The first 3 RNA nucleotides that signal the beginning of the message | Start codon
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| One of the three codons that has no corresponding tRNA and causes translation to be terminated | Stop codon NONSENSE CODON
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| the process of shifting the ribosome down the mRNA strand to read new codons | Translocation
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| Intervening sequences of bases that DON'T code for proteins | Introns
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| Coding regions | Exons
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| Proteins begin to fold up on themselves to achieve their tertiary confirmation even before the peptide chain is released | Posttranslational
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| Found only in bacteria and archaea Coordinated set of genes regulated as a single unit | Operons
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| Put back together An event in which one bacterium donates dBase to another bacterium | Recombination
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| Any organism that contains and expresses genes that originated in another organism TRAITS | recombinant
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| Small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome | Plasmids
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| A mode of genetic exchange in which plasmid or other genetic material is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell via a direct connection | Conjugation
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| The acceptance by a bacterial call of small fragments of solvable DNA from the surrounding environment | Transformation.
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| The process by which bacteriophage serve as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell | Transduction.
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| Any change to the nucleotide sequence in the genome the driving force of evolution | Mutation
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| Small mutations that affect only a single base on a gene Involve addition deletion or substitution of a single base | Point mutilation
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| Changes a normal codon into a stop codon that doesn't code for amino acids | Nonsense mutation
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| Alters a base, but doesn't change the amino acid and has no effect | Silent mutation
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| Occurs when one or more bases are inserted into or deleted from a newly synthesized DNA strand Ex:BIG SENTENCE | Frameshift mutations
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