Basic terms for Honors Biology, Grade 9
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| The foundation of the cell membrane where phospholipids line up so that their heads point outward towards the water that surrounds them and their tails point inward, resulting in a double layer | Phospholipid bilayer
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| When a cell is about to divide and the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes | Chromosome
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| The double membrane that the nucleus is surrounded by | Nuclear Envelope
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| The denser area of the nucleus where DNA is concentrated when in the process of making ribosomal RNA | Nucleolus
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| The organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm | Ribosome
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| The tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Mitochondrion
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| Called ER, it is a system of membranous tubes and sacs called cisternae that functions primarily as the intracellular highway, a path on which molecules move from part of a cell to another | Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| Another system of flattened, membranous sacs that receive vesicles from the ER containing newly made proteins of lipids | Golgi Apparatus
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| Vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes | Lysosome
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| A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol | Cytoskeleton
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| Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin that consists of two slightly different subunits | Microtubule
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| Finer than microtubules, these long threads of beadlike protection protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of rope | Microfilament
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| Short hair-like structures that extend form the surface of the cell where they assist in movement; these are longer and far less numerous on the cells where they occur | Flagellum
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| Short hair-like structures that extend form the surface of the cell where they assist in movement; these are shorter and present in large numbers on certain cells | Cilium
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| Consist of two short cylinders of microtubes at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope | Centriole
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| The rigid layer that lies on the outside of the cell's plasma membrane | Cell Wall
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| The large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes and other materials | Central Vacuole
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| Organelles that, like mitochondria, are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA (includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts) | Plastid
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| Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water | Chloroplast
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| A system of flattened, membranous sacs | Thylakoid
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| A green pigment within the thylakoids that absorbs light and captures light energy for the cell | Chlorophyll
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Created by:
EmilyEdwards
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