Essential vocabulary for the ABRSM theory exam. Vocabulary from grades 1-5.
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| scherzando, scherzoso | playful, joking
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| tanto | so much
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| accelerando | gradually getting quicker
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| risoluto | strong, bold
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| primo, prima | first
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| al, alla | in the manner of, to the
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| pesante | heavy
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| mesto | sad
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| fortissimo | very loud
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| semplice | simple
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| secondo, seconda | second
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| vivo, vivace | lively
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| troppo | too much
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| marziale | martial
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| sostenuto | sustained
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| simile | in the same way
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| tempo | speed
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| marcato | marked, accented
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| senza | without
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| rallentando | gradually getting slower
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| forte | loud
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| sforzando | forced, accented
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| assai | very
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| ed, e | and
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| dolce | sweet
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| crescendo | gradually getting louder
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| andantino | slightly faster than andante
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| allargando | broadening, becoming louder and slower
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| più | more
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| rubato | with some freedom of time
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| ritmico | rhythmically
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| presto | fast, faster than allegro
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| mezzo | moderately
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| ritenuto | held back, slowing down immediately
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| largamente | broadly
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| forza | force
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| moderato | moderately
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| col, con | with
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| cantabile | in a singing style
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| giocoso | playful, merry
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| allegretto | fairly quick, not as quick as allegro
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| allegro | quick, cheerful
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| tristamente, triste | sad, sorrowful
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| espressivo | expressive
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| tranquillo | calm
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| non | not
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| moto | movement
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| mosso | moved
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| molto | much, very
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| meno | less
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| sempre | always
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| fortepiano | first loudly, then immediately soft
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| grazioso | graceful
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| grave | solemn, very slow
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| fine | the end
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| diminuendo | gradually getting softer
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| maestoso | majestic
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| leggiero | light
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| legato | smoothly
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| ma | but
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| energico | energetic
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| delicato | delicate
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| deciso | with determination
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| comodo | convenient, comfortable
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| brio | vigor
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| ben | well
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| largo | slow, stately
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| larghetto | quite slow, not as slow as largo
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| animato | animated, lively
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| anima | soul, spirit
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| ritardando | gradually getting slower
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| subito | suddenly
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| amore | love
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| alla breve | with each beat as a minim
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| agitato | agitated
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| ad libitum | play freely, at will
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| adagietto | fairly slow, not as slow as adagio
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| decrescendo | gradually getting softer
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| dal segno | repeat from the sign
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| volta | time
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| poco | little
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| da capo | repeat from the beginning
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| adagio | slow, at ease
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| andante | at a walking pace
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| staccato | detached
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| lento | slow
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| stringendo | gradually getting faster
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| pianissimo | very quiet
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| piano | quiet
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| mano destra | right hand
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| perdendosi | dying away
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| volante | flying, fast
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| modéré | moderate
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| voce | voice
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| légèrement | light
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| et | and
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| en dehors | made prominent
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| ossia | or, alternatively
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| misura | measure
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| lunga | long
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| douce | sweet
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| morendo | dying away
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| possibile | possible
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| l'istesso | the same
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| giusto | exact, proper
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| fuoco | fire
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| veloce | swift
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| sotto | below
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| vif | lively
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| moins | less
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| come | similar to, as
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| cantando | singing
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| calando | getting softer and slower
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| ralentir | slowing down
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| presser | hurry
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| retenu | held back
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| avec | with
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| peu | little
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| niente | nothing
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| loco | at the normal pitch, used to cancel the 8va action
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| teneramente, tenerezza | tenderly
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| smorzando | dying away in tone and speed
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| rinforzando | reinforcing
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| segue | go straight on
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| appassionato | with passion
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| amabile | amiable
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| affretando | hurrying
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| pochettino | rather little
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| plus | more
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| affettuoso | affectionate
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| sul ponticello | near the bridge
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| piacevole | pleasant
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| assez | enough
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| animé | lively, animated
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| sul G | on the G string
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| vite | quick
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| sopra | above
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| piangevole | plaintive
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| cédez | slowing down
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| tosto | swift, rapid
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| mano sinistra | left hand
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| sans | without
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| lacrimoso | sad
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| incalzando | getting faster
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| estinto | as soft as possible, lifeless
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| doppio movimente | twice as fast
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| dolore | grief
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| dolente | sad, mournful, sorrowful
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| tre corde | release the left soft pedal
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| sonoro | sonorous
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| facile | easy
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| quasi | as if, almost
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| une, un | one
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| très | very
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| una corda | press the left soft pedal
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| arco | bow
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| pizzicato | plucked
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| sordini | mutes
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| lusingando | coaxing, in a sweet, persuasive manner
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| attaca | go straight to the next section of music
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| mais | but
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| lent | slow
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| non | not
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| nobilmente | nobly
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