flashcards for questions and concepts on chapter five
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| fluid mosaic model | the term we use to describe the diverse structure of the phospholipid bilayer membrane
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| selective permeability | the ability of a membrane to allow certain molecules through at certain times
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| diffusion | the tendency of molecules of the same kind to separate from each other in a solution
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| concentration gradient | the amount of one molecule on one side of a membrane as there is on the other side
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| passive transport | the ability of a molecule to diffuse across a membrane without any energy cost
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| osmosis | is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
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| tonicity | the ability of a surrounding solution to gain or lose water
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| hypotonic | a solution with a concentration lower than that of the cell
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| isotonic | same solution on both sides
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| hypertonic | a concentration higher than outside
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| facilitated diffusion | the use of a transport protein to allow passive transport
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| aquaporin | a transport protein that allows water to be removed and added o the cell in vast quantities
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| active transport | the process of using energy to move a type of solute out or in to the cell
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| exocytosis | the process of moving materials from inside the cell to outside
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| endocytosis | the process of moving materials outside of the cell to the inside
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| phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis where a quantity of material is engulfed by the membrane and then pinched of to form a vesicle
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| receptor mediated | similar to phagocytosis receptors capture a specific type of molecule and then follow the process of phagoctyosis
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| energy | the ability of an object or organism to do something
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| kinetic energy | the energy of a moving or working object
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| thermal energy | the energy of random movement within the molecules of an object
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| heat | the intensity or unit of measure for an amount of thermal energy
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| potential energy | the ability of an object to have kinetic energy, stored energy in preparation to be released
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| chemical energy | the energy stored in chemical bonds in molecules
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| thermodynamics | the study of energy transformation in a collection of matter
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| first law of thermodynamics | energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred
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| entropy | the measure of disorder or reactions in a sytem
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| second law of thermodynamics | the more energy conversions in a system the more disorderly it will become
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| exergonic | releases energy
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| endergonic | stores energy
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| metabolism | the total of chemical reactions in an organism
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| metabolic pathway | a series of metabolic reactions
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, currency of the cell
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| phosphorylation | the process of creating a molecule of atp using atp synthase
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| enzyme | a type of protein that accelerates ( catalyzes) chemical reactions
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| activation energy | the barrier or cost of energy to make a chemical reaction
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| substrate | the specific type of molecule that an enzyme bonds to while catalyzing
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| active site | the part of the substrate that the enzyme attaches to
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| induced fit | the natural shape of an enzyme connecting to a substrate
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| competitive inhibitor | a molecule that binds to an enzyme that is not a substrate, making the enzyme functionless
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| noncompetitive inhibitor | an inhibitor that alters the shape of an enzyme
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| the increase of receptors in an environment with an increase in insulin demonstrates a what kind of relationship | a negative relationship
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| the fluid mosiac model describes what | the actions and archetechture of the phospholipid bilayer and the proteins embedded in it
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| membrane phospholipids are able to do what in the plasma membrane | create a phospholipid bilayer
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| the cholesterol in animals cells is used for what | for rigidity and storage
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| what drug would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development | one that inhibits the production of a negative protein
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| what can you conclude form the fact that certain anti-inflammatories prevent the natural reactions in the blood stream | they inhibit enzymes they are not supposed to
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| know statements describing why a membrane is like a control center such as |
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| what characteristic promoted lipids to become cell membranes | the fact that they have water hating outsides and self attractant insides
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| the plasma membrane is similar in | structure and function
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| small nonpolar hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids easily pass | phospholipid bilayer
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| which of the following substances would have the hardest time crossing through a bilayer | sodium
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| know statements about photo synthesis and cellular respiration |
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| how do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration | in atp
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| the processes that create energy are complimentary, during these energy conversions some energy is | reused, lost
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| respiration is, and cellular respiration is | the process of breathing, the process of creating atp
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| products of cellular respiration to make....... and ....... | energy and store
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| statements regarding respiration that are false |
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| the overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is |
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| know statements about energy yields such as | there are 36 atp made but 4 disapear
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| humans use the calories they obtain form as a source of energy | food
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| humans use about of their daily calories to maintain there brain cells and other life sustaining properties |
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| a kilocalorie is | a thousand calories
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| how many calories are actually in a serving of 200 calories |
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| during cellular respiration the energy in glucose is carried by what | nad+
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| in bio systems an important enzyme in redox reaction | is acetyl coa
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| during cellular respiration nadh delivers its | electrons to the electron transport chain
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| is what when it accepts | electrons
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| what is the functioning of an electron transport chain like | a slinky going down the stairs
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| list the stages of cell resp in order | glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and ox phosphorylation
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| a drug that inhibits an enzyme will effect what cycle and what type of phosphorylation | oxidative
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| during which cycle does substrate level phosphorylation occur | krebs
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| which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anerobic resperation | glycolysis
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| after glycolysis there are | 2 atps
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| how many molecules of nadh are produced during glycolysis | 2
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Created by:
Reginald L.
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