Chest&Lungs, Heart&Blood Vesesls, Breasts
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Kussmaul | rapid, deep & labored breathing
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| Cheyne-Strokes | varying period of increasing depth of breathing interspersed with apnea
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| Ataxic breathing | significant disorganization with irregular/varying depths of respirations
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| PND (paroysmal Nocturnal Dypsnea) | suddenly wakes at night with shortness of breath, cant lie down and breathe
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| Biot's | irregularly interspersed period of apnea with disorganized sequences (seen at end of life stage)
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| Stridor | high pitched wheezing or gasping sound with airway obstruction (audible without stethoscope)
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| Barrel Chest | chest has a AP:L ratio of 1:1
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| Normal chest ration | AP:L 1:2
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| Tactile Fremitus | normal vibration of chest wall. Have pt repeat "99"...decreased or absent in patients with COPD or pleural infusion
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| Percussion sound = Dull | percussion sound means fluid or solid filled (pneumonia or tumor)
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| Percussion sound = Hyperressonance | percussion sound means air filled or over inflated such as emphysema or asthma
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| Crackles | fine or coarse sounds heard low and does not clear with coughing
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| Rhonchi | snorous wheeze and low coarse sounds that clear with coughing
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| Bronchophony | fluid filled lungs, there is greater clarity when listening to patient say "99"...words are easily understood when listening to lung sounds
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| Wheezes | musical sounding, loud through expiration
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| Friction Rub | dry, grating sounds which is indicative of pleural lining rubbing against wall of chest
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| Egophony | increased nasal quality. E's become stuffy A's which indicates consolidation
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| Consolidation | lungs filled with fluid
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| Whispered Petroiloquy | if bronchophony is extreme even whispers are heard
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| breath odor sweet/fruity | sign of diabetes or starvation
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| breath odor is fishy/ammonia | sign of uremia/renal problems
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| Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves) | Tricuspid and Mitral Valves
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| Semilunar Valves (SL valves) | Pulmonary and Aortic Valves
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| S1 | closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves
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| S2 | closure of pulmonary and aortic valves
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| S3 | early diastole (SLOSHING-IN) S1,S2,S3
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| S4 | late diastole (A-STIFT-WALL) S4,S1,S2
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| Thrills | palpabale vibrations, purring of the car (defect in the SL valves)
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| Lift/Heaves | can feel tap/thrust against your hand
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| S1 heard loudest here | heard loudest at apex of heart
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| S2 heard loudest here | heard loudest at base of heart
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 1 | heart sounds barely audible
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 2 | heart sounds quiet but clearly audible
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 3 | heart sounds moderately loud but NO thrill or thrust
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 4 | heart sounds moderately loud WITH thrill or thrust
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 5 | heart sounds very loud with thrust or thrill
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| Grade of Heart Mumur 6 | heart sounds very loud, no stethoscope needed, VISIBLE thrust or thrill
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| gynecomastia | enlargement of breast tissue and almost always subsides in 1-2 years
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| Peau d' orange | orange peel effect, in advanced carcinoma. skin appears thickened with large pores
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| dimpling of breast | can indicate carcinoma
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| Paget's disease | intraductal carcinnoma, scaling crusts at the nipple in early stages, nipple may become reddened excoriated or crusted
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| Mastitis | infalmmation ofthe breast tissue; red, swollen, tender, hot and hard
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| 5 D's of Nipple Abnormalities | Discharge, Depression, Discoloration, Dermatological, Deviation
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