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HA Exam #3
Chest&Lungs, Heart&Blood Vesesls, Breasts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kussmaul | rapid, deep & labored breathing |
| Cheyne-Strokes | varying period of increasing depth of breathing interspersed with apnea |
| Ataxic breathing | significant disorganization with irregular/varying depths of respirations |
| PND (paroysmal Nocturnal Dypsnea) | suddenly wakes at night with shortness of breath, cant lie down and breathe |
| Biot's | irregularly interspersed period of apnea with disorganized sequences (seen at end of life stage) |
| Stridor | high pitched wheezing or gasping sound with airway obstruction (audible without stethoscope) |
| Barrel Chest | chest has a AP:L ratio of 1:1 |
| Normal chest ration | AP:L 1:2 |
| Tactile Fremitus | normal vibration of chest wall. Have pt repeat "99"...decreased or absent in patients with COPD or pleural infusion |
| Percussion sound = Dull | percussion sound means fluid or solid filled (pneumonia or tumor) |
| Percussion sound = Hyperressonance | percussion sound means air filled or over inflated such as emphysema or asthma |
| Crackles | fine or coarse sounds heard low and does not clear with coughing |
| Rhonchi | snorous wheeze and low coarse sounds that clear with coughing |
| Bronchophony | fluid filled lungs, there is greater clarity when listening to patient say "99"...words are easily understood when listening to lung sounds |
| Wheezes | musical sounding, loud through expiration |
| Friction Rub | dry, grating sounds which is indicative of pleural lining rubbing against wall of chest |
| Egophony | increased nasal quality. E's become stuffy A's which indicates consolidation |
| Consolidation | lungs filled with fluid |
| Whispered Petroiloquy | if bronchophony is extreme even whispers are heard |
| breath odor sweet/fruity | sign of diabetes or starvation |
| breath odor is fishy/ammonia | sign of uremia/renal problems |
| Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves) | Tricuspid and Mitral Valves |
| Semilunar Valves (SL valves) | Pulmonary and Aortic Valves |
| S1 | closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves |
| S2 | closure of pulmonary and aortic valves |
| S3 | early diastole (SLOSHING-IN) S1,S2,S3 |
| S4 | late diastole (A-STIFT-WALL) S4,S1,S2 |
| Thrills | palpabale vibrations, purring of the car (defect in the SL valves) |
| Lift/Heaves | can feel tap/thrust against your hand |
| S1 heard loudest here | heard loudest at apex of heart |
| S2 heard loudest here | heard loudest at base of heart |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 1 | heart sounds barely audible |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 2 | heart sounds quiet but clearly audible |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 3 | heart sounds moderately loud but NO thrill or thrust |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 4 | heart sounds moderately loud WITH thrill or thrust |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 5 | heart sounds very loud with thrust or thrill |
| Grade of Heart Mumur 6 | heart sounds very loud, no stethoscope needed, VISIBLE thrust or thrill |
| gynecomastia | enlargement of breast tissue and almost always subsides in 1-2 years |
| Peau d' orange | orange peel effect, in advanced carcinoma. skin appears thickened with large pores |
| dimpling of breast | can indicate carcinoma |
| Paget's disease | intraductal carcinnoma, scaling crusts at the nipple in early stages, nipple may become reddened excoriated or crusted |
| Mastitis | infalmmation ofthe breast tissue; red, swollen, tender, hot and hard |
| 5 D's of Nipple Abnormalities | Discharge, Depression, Discoloration, Dermatological, Deviation |
Created by:
kaylynnfain
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