Genetics Test 1 ppt 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chromatin | Complex of DNA with histone and nonhistone protein. Organized into discrete bodies called chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Karyotype | Number, size, and morphology of the chromosome set of a cell
🗑
|
||||
| Genome | Chromosomes in a haploid set, or all the chromosomes in a diploid nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Centromere positions, from the middle to the end | Metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric or sub-telocentric, telocentric
🗑
|
||||
| Fundamental difference between asexual and sexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction generates variation through genetic recombination
🗑
|
||||
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Cell cycle | Cycle of growth, mitosis, and cell division
🗑
|
||||
| Two phases of somatic cell cycle | Interphase and mitotic or dividing phase
🗑
|
||||
| What occurs during interphase? | DNA replication and synthesis of protein and nucleic acid components
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three stages of interphase? | G1, S, and G2
🗑
|
||||
| S period | Synthesis or replication of DNA
🗑
|
||||
| G1 period | Synthesis of RNA, functional protein, and enzymes and substrates for DNA replication
🗑
|
||||
| G2 period | Synthesis of structural protein, and spindle and aster protein. High energy demand
🗑
|
||||
| Uses of cell division | Growth, replacement of cells, and wound healing
🗑
|
||||
| Five phases of mitosis | Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
🗑
|
||||
| Prophase | Chromatin condenses and chromosomes become visible
🗑
|
||||
| Prometaphase | Chromosomes continue condensing, nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down, centrioles migrate to poles of cell, spindle fibers extend
🗑
|
||||
| Metaphase | Spindle fibers pull chromosomes into line along metaphase plate. Order is important, and each sister chromatid is attached by spindle fibers to opposite poles of cell
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphase | Sister chromatids split and move to opposite poles of cell
🗑
|
||||
| Telophase | Fibers from centrioles break down and nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. Chromatin decondenses and nucleolus reappears
🗑
|
||||
| Spindle fibers | Microtubules consisting of proteins called tubulins. Form spindle between two pairs of centrioles
🗑
|
||||
| Aster | Microtubules radiating outward from centrioles
🗑
|
||||
| Kinetochore microtubules | Invade nuclear space and attach to kinetochores during prometaphase
🗑
|
||||
| Polar microtubules | Push against each other to move centrosomes apart
🗑
|
||||
| Kinetochore | Multiprotein disk located on the centromere that is specialized to interact with spindle fibers during mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| When does crossing over occur? | Prophase I of meiosis I
🗑
|
||||
| Synapsis | Two homologous chromosomes come into side-by-side contact to form a bivalent
🗑
|
||||
| Bivalent | Pair of homologous chromosomes held together by a complex
🗑
|
||||
| Tetrad | Two pairs of chromatids, so four future chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 5 stages of prophase I | Leptonema, zygonema, pachynema, diplonema, and diakinesis
🗑
|
||||
| Leptonema | Chromosomes begin to coil. Pairing of homologous chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Zygonema | Yolk-thread. Synapsis, or the formation of the synaptonemal complex
🗑
|
||||
| Synaptonemal complex | Zipper-like structure along length of chromatids
🗑
|
||||
| Pachynema | Thick-thread. Synapsis is complete, crossing over occurs. Synapsis disassembles
🗑
|
||||
| Diplonema | Double-thread. Homologues begin to separate. Chiasma becomes apparent
🗑
|
||||
| Chiasma | Cross-shaped structure that is physical evidence of crossing over
🗑
|
||||
| Diakinesis | Across thread. Chiasmata often terminalize and tetrads become clearly visible
🗑
|
||||
| What are PARs? | Pseudoautosomal regions. Found on each end of Y chromosomes and allow sex chromosomes to pair and cross over even though they are not homologous.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if the PAR is deleted from the short arm of the Y chromosome? | Pairing does not occur between X and Y chromosomes, so the male is fertile
🗑
|
||||
| Metaphase I of meiosis I | Tetrads align at metaphase plate
🗑
|
||||
| Anaphase I of meiosis I | Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart, but sister chromatids stay together
🗑
|
||||
| What do the daughter cells of meiosis I contain? | One of each of the homologous chromosomes. Sister chromatids are not identical
🗑
|
||||
| What does meiosis II result in? | Four unidentical haploid daughter cells
🗑
|
||||
| What does spermatogenisis result in? | Four spermatids that develop into spermatozoa
🗑
|
||||
| What does oogenisis result in? | One ovum and three polar bodies
🗑
|
||||
| Gametophyte | Haploid plant stage in which gametes are produced by meiosis (sexual)
🗑
|
||||
| Sporophyte | Diploid plant stage in which haploid spores are produced by mitosis (asexual)
🗑
|
||||
| Pistil | Female part of a flower. Includes stigma, style, and ovary
🗑
|
||||
| Stamen | Male part of a flower. Includes anther and filament
🗑
|
||||
| Megasporogenisis | Meiosis in female part of the flower that produces a megaspore
🗑
|
||||
| Megagametophyte | Cell with eight identical haploid nuclei in a common cytoplasm. Produced by megaspore undergoing three successive rounds of nuclear mitotic divisions
🗑
|
||||
| Embryo sac | Entire seven-celled megagametophyte structure. One cell becomes the egg
🗑
|
||||
| Microsporogenisis | Meiosis in male part of the flower that produces pollen grains
🗑
|
||||
| Process of microsporogenisis | Anther>four pollen sacs>diploid microspore mother cells>four haploid microspores (pollen)
🗑
|
||||
| Significance of sex | Generate genetic diversity through independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
iragland
Popular Biology sets