Genetics Test 1 ppt 1
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| 4 sub-disciplines of modern genetics | Transmission genetics, molecular genetics, population/evolutionary genetics, quantitative genetics
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| Transmission genetics | Study of how traits are passed on from one generation to the next. Mendelian/classical
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| Molecular genetics | Study of the chemical nature of genes and how they operate at a molecular level
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| Population/ evolutionary genetics | Study of genetic variation within and among populations
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| Quantitative genetics | Study of heredity of traits in groups of individuals where many genes determine traits simultaneously
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| Alleles | Alternate forms of a gene at a locus
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| Principle of segregation | Genes come in pairs (diploid) and when gametes are produced each gets one gene (haploid) at random from each gene pair, but not both
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| Chromosomal theory of inheritance | Chromosomes carry genes
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| Thomas Hunt Morgan | Fruit flies. Sex-linked inheritance. First evidence for chromosomal theory of inheritance. Genes arranged linearly on chromosomes.
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| Recombinant | New combination of alleles not seen in parents
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| Barbara McClintock | Detected recombination by studying maize under a microscope
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| Friedrich Miescher | Discovered DNA. Collected white blood cells from pus, lysed them and isolated nuclei. Found nuclein, high in phosphorous.
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| Griffith | S-strain virulent, R-strain nonvirulent. Bacteria and mice. Chemical substance from a cell genetically transformed other cells.
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| Oswald Avery | Went further with Griffith's experiment; DNA is transforming principle, not RNA or protein
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| Beadle and Tatum | Used mold to prove Garrod's idea of relationship between genes and enzymes. One gene-one enzyme
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| One gene- one polypeptide | Each gene codes for only one polypeptide, but each polypeptide is coded for by more than one gene
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| Watson and Crick | Stole Roseline Franklin's research to build a model of DNA (double helix)
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| Purines | Adenine, guanine
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| Pyrimidines | Cytosine, thymine
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| Three forms of DNA | A, B, Z
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| Gene expression | Process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function
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| What does uracil replace? | Thymine. Only in RNA
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| Transcription | DNA splits, RNA polymerase makes mRNA copy
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| Translation | mRNA carries instructions to ribosomes and a protein is assembled
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| Genetic code | mRNA code, not a DNA code
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| Point mutation | Change one base to another (sickle cell)
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| indel mutation | Insertion and deletion of pieces of DNA
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| Frameshift mutation | single insertion or deletion that alters the order the codons are interpreted in
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| Hardy-Weinburg | Genetic equilibrium in a population
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| Recombination | Crossing over of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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| Khorana and Niremberg | determined nature of genetic code (codons)
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Created by:
iragland
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