vocabulary words for unit 1 part 2 of 2
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small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers | monomers
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large compound formed from combinations of many smaller monomers | polymers
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compounds made up from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 ; used as main source of energy | carbohydrates
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another name for simple sugars | monosaccharide
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large macromolecules formed from monosaccharide | polysaccharides
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large and varied group of biological molecules that is generally not soluble in water. made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms and used to store energy | lipids
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the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms | saturated
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a fatty acid that has at least one carbon-carbon double bond | unsaturated
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individual monomers that make up nucleic acids. consist of three parts; a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | nucleotides
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macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. store and transmit hereditary or genetic information | nucleic acids
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macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen; some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, some are used to form bones/muscles, others transport substances into and out of the cells or help to fight disease | proteins
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monomers of molecules that make proteins | amino acids
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proteins that speed up chemical reactions in a cell | enzymes
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energy needed to get a reactions started | activation energy
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substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | catalyst
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the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions | substrates
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