EBR EMS Chapter 8 Definitions
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| acetylcholine | chemical neurotransmitter
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| afferent neuron | neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system from the periphery
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| anesthesia | loss of sensation
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| arachnoid mater | delicate, weblike middle membrane covering the brain, the meninges
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| astrocytes | a glial cell
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| axon | nerve cell process that transmitts impulses away from the cell body
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| catecholamines | norepinephrine and epinephrine
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| cerebrospinal fluid | fluid that fills the subarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles
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| choroid plexus | a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid
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| dendrite | a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body
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| dermatome | skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve
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| dopamine | chemical neurotransmitter
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| dura mater | outermost layer of meninges
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| effector neuron | neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery
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| endorphins | chemical in neurtal nervous system that influences pain perception
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| enkephalins | peptide chemical in the central nervous sytem that acts as a natural painkiller
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| fight-or-flight response | the changes produced by increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress
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| ganglia | a region of gray nerve tissue
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| ganglion | a group of nerve-cell bodies located in the PNS
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| glia | supporting cells of nervous tissue
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| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
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| interneuron | nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
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| limbic system | a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion response
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| meninges | fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
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| microglia | one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord
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| motor neuron | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
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| multiple sclerosis | the most common primary disease of the central nervous system
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| myelin | lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers
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| neurilemma | nerve sheath
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| neurons | nerve cell, including axons and dendrites
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| neurotransmitter | chemicals by which neurons communicate
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| nodes of Ranvier | indentations that are found between adjacent Schwann cells
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| norephinephrine | hormone secreted by adrenal medulla, released by sympathetic nervous system
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| oligodendrocyte | a cell that holds nerve fibers together and produces the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system
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| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, ganglia connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord
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| pia mater | the vascular innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord
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| postganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue
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| postsynaptic neuron | a neuron situated distal to the synapse
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| preganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion
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| presynaptic neuron | a neuron situated proximal to a synapse
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| receptors | peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite
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| reflex arc | allows an impulse to travel in only one direction
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| saltatory conduction | when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next
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| Schwann cell | (shwon) large nucleated cells that form myelin
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| sensory neuron | neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body
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| serotonin | a neurontransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines
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| sympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system, ganglia are connected to the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
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| synapse | junction between adjacent neurons
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| synaptic cleft | the space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron
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| synaptic knob | a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon that contains vesicles with neurotrasmitters
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| tract | a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system
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