Unit 1 Key Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Acute | Having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe
course.
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| Asymptomatic | Showing or causing no identifiable symptoms
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| Atrophy | A reduction in size or wasting of cells, tissues, or organs as a result of poor nutrition or nonuse
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| Autoantibody | Antibody acting against its own tissue or organism. Ex-Lupus-chronic autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body
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| Autoimmunne disorder | Disease in which antibodies form against and injure the patient's
own tissues, in contrast to the normal process in which antibodies form in response to foreign antigens.
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| Benign Neoplasm | A localized tumor of well-differentiated cells that does not invade surrounding tissue or metastasize to distant areas within the body
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| Carcinoma | A malignant growth composed of epithelial cells that tends to invade surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases
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| Chronic | Presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time.
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| Congenital | Existing at &usually before birth & resulting from genetic or
environmental factors. 2%-3% of all infants born have one or more of these. Usually occur due to abnormalities in the number & distribution of chromosomes.
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| Degenerative | Refers to deterioration of the body usually associated with the aging process. Ex- atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis.
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| Diagnosis | The name of a disease an individual is believed to have
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| Disease | Any abnormal disturbance of the normal function or structure of a body part, organ, or system; may display a variety of manifestations.
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| Dysplasia | Abnormal tissue development. Abnormal changes of mature cells.
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| Epidemiology | The investigation of disease in large groups. Distributions of health states (good health, disease, etc.) tend to not be random within a population and are influenced by factors such as biology, social, and environment.
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| Etiology | The study of the cause and origin of disease
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| Genetic mapping | Used to assign the distance between genetic markers.
Can be used to track inheritance traits and diseases that are transmitted from parent to child.
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| Genome | The entirety of an organism's hereditary information, including both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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| Hematogenous Spread | Spread of malignant cancer through the blood
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| Hereditary | Genetically transferred from either parent to child and derived from ancestors
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| Hyperplasia | Increase in the number of cells in tissue. Ex-estrogen-secreting ovarian tumor causing endometrial epithelial cells to multiply
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| Hypertrophy | Increase in cell size. Ex-muscle _______ due to body building
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| Iatrogenic | Pertains to any adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment. Ex- contrast media reaction during a CT exam.
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| Idiopathic | A disease having no identifiable causative factor
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| Incidence | A statistical measure that refers to the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period. A disease of high prevalence in a geographical location is endemic to that area
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| Infection | An inflammatory process caused by exposure to some disease-causing organism.
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| Inflammatory | Refers to the body process of destroying, diluting, or walling off a
localized injurious agent. Most often localized infection is accompanied by this, can occur without infection.
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| Invasion | -The spread of cancerous cells into surrounding tissue by virtue of the proximity of the areas.
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| Lesion | Term used to describe the various types of cellular changes that can occur in response to a disease
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| Leukemia | A malignant disease of the leukocytes and their precursor cells in blood and bone marrow. Stated differently, is a cancer that arises from blood cells.
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| Lymphatic Spread | Cancer that spreads through the lymphatic system
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| Lymphoma | Neoplastic growth in the lymphatic system
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| Malignant Neoplasm | A lesion that grows, spreads, and invades other tissues
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| Manifestations | Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process.
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| Metabolism | -The normal physiologic function of the body. An example is dehydration which upsets homeostasis due to a lack of fluid intake
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| Metaplasia | Conversion of a specific type of tissue into a different kind of tissue. Ex: smokers’ epithelial cells in the respiratory tract undergo this and change to a different types of epithelial cells.
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| Metastatic Spread | The spread of cancer cells.
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| Morbidity rate | The incidence in the population of illness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine
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| Morphology | The form and structure of disease
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| Mortality rate | The number of deaths from a particular disease averaged over a
population
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| Neoplasm | Pertaining to new, abnormal tissue growth. They can be benign or malignant.
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| Nosocomial | A disease originating in a hospital
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| Pathogenesis | Refers to the sequence of events producing cellular changes that lead to observable changes called manifestations
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| Prevalance | A statistical measure that refers to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population
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| Prognosis | The prediction of course and outcome for a given disease
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| Sarcoma | A type of tumor, often highly malignant, composed of a substance similar to embryonic connective tissue. A cancer that arises from connective tissue
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| Seeding | Traveling of cancerous cells to a distant site or distant organ
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| Sequelae | Conditions resulting from a disease. Ex-chronic kidney disease can be This in reference to diabetes
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| Sign | An objective manifestation of disease perceptible to the managing physician
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| Symptom | Any subjective evidence of a disease as perceived by a patient.
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| Syndrome | A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific abnormal disturbance
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| Traumatic | Pertaining to the effects of a wound or injury, whether physical or
psychological.
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| Virulence | The ease with which an organism overcomes body defenses. An organism with high ______ is likely to produce diseases in susceptible people
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