OPT Bacterial Inf
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| impetigo | superficial infection of skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus alone or with Streptococcus pyogenes
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| nonbullous impetigo | 70% of cases of impetigo; fragile vesicles that rupture and are replaced with an amber crust
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| bullous impetigo | longer lasting, flaccid bullae in infants; weakness and fever
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| erysipelas | superficial skin infection caused by {group A beta hemolytic streptococci}
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| St. Anthony's fire | erysipelas infection that spreads rapidly through lymphatics that causes bright red skin color
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| streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis | most cases caused by viruses but if caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococci is called {strep throat}
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| scarlet fever | toxin from {group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus} causes skin rash and attacks blood vessels
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| white strawberry tongue | dorm of tongue covered in white coating in scarlet fever
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| red strawberry/raspberry tongue | after 5 days, white covering on tongue is lost in scarlet fever infection
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| tonsillar concretions | condensed collections of desquamated keratin and foreign material in tonsillar crypts
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| tonsilloliths | tonsillar concretions that have become calcified; can be seen on panoramic radiographs
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| diphtheria | lethal toxin from {Corynebacterium diphtheria} causes tissue necrosis
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| diphtheric membrane | adherent gray membrane that covers mucosal tissues in the mouth in diphtheria infections
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| syphilis (lues) | chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum
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| acquired syphilis | transmitted by sexual contact
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| primary syphilis | within 3-90 days of exposure; lesion is {chancre} an elevated, crusted lesion
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| secondary syphilis | systemic manifestation of syphilis infection with cutaneous lesions {maculopapular rash}
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| mucous patches | irregular oral lesions covered by white membrane in secondary syphilis; called {spilt papule} at the commissures of the mouth
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| condyloma lata | syphilitic papillomas on genitals
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| latent syphilis | period in syphilis infection free of lesions and symptoms; can last 1-30 years
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| tertiary syphilis | includes cardiovascular issues {aortic aneurysm} and CNS problems {tabes dorsalis}
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| gumma | focal granulomatous inflammation of indurated nodules, not infectious
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| interstitial glossitis | multiple gummas on dorsum of tongue
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| luetic glossitis | atrophy of tongue and loss of papillae in syphilis
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| Argyll-Robertson pupil | in tertiary syphilis, pupil does not react to light but does accommodate
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| VDRL and RPR | nonspecific serologic tests for syphilis
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| FTA-ABS | more specific, more quickly detected serologic test for syphilis
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| congenital syphilis | transmitted from fetus to mother
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| 1. Hutchinson's teeth 2. ocular interstitial keratitis 3. eighth nerve deafness | Hutchinson's triad
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| gonorrhea | STD caused by {Neisseria gonorrhoeae}, a gram negative diplococcus; must rule out Chlamydia trachomatis by NAATS
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| tuberculosis | chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| primary TB | in previously unexposed individuals, remains in lungs where infection is walled off
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| secondary TB | in immunocompromised patients, reactivation of dormant infection with lesions at apices of lungs
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| miliary TB | tuberculosis disseminated in vasculature
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| consumption | generalized wasting syndrome in secondary TB
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| scrofula | TB infection by consuming contaminated milk containing {Mycobacterium bovis}
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| oral lesions of TB | uncommon but if present, occur after pulmonary lesions as ulcers or nodules
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| PPD | tuberculin skin test, cannot distinguish if active infection
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| QuantiFERON | new TB blood test, can tell if active infection
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| multi agent drug therapy | treatment for active TB
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| chemoprophylaxis | recommended treatment if positive PPD but inactive infection
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| leprosy | infection of {Mycobacterium leprae}
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| tuberculoid leprosy | exhibits pronounced immune reaction; few hypo pigmented skin lesions, anesthesia and loss of sweating
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| lepromatous leprosy | reduced immune response with papules and nodules on skin that thicken and distort the face {leonine facies}
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| leonine facies | distorted face from leprosy
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| noma (cancrum oris) | rapid opportunistic infection caused by normal oral microflora
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| Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella intermedia | key organism causative of noma
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| actinomycosis | chronic suppurative infection caused by anaerobic gram positive {Actinomyces israelii}
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| cervicofacial form | form of actinomycosis that enters area of former trauma and has wooden-looking indurated lesions that drain onto skin through a sinus tract
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| sulfur granules | bacterial colonies that look like yellow flecks in actinomycosis infection
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| cat-scratch disease | infection caused by {Bartonella henselae} after contact with a cat, causes lymphadenopathy in children
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| bacillary angiomatosis | caused by {Bartonella henselae}; vasoproliferative disorder that resembles Kaposi sarcoma
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| acute sinusitis | usually viral, can develop after an upper respiratory infection
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| chronic sinusitis | usually bacterial from blockage of ostial openings; can develop {antroliths} in sinuses
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| functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) | surgery that is done if sinusitis does not resolve with antibiotics; creates better drainage
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Created by:
aharnold
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