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OPT Bacterial Inf
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| impetigo | superficial infection of skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus alone or with Streptococcus pyogenes |
| nonbullous impetigo | 70% of cases of impetigo; fragile vesicles that rupture and are replaced with an amber crust |
| bullous impetigo | longer lasting, flaccid bullae in infants; weakness and fever |
| erysipelas | superficial skin infection caused by {group A beta hemolytic streptococci} |
| St. Anthony's fire | erysipelas infection that spreads rapidly through lymphatics that causes bright red skin color |
| streptococcal tonsillitis and pharyngitis | most cases caused by viruses but if caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococci is called {strep throat} |
| scarlet fever | toxin from {group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus} causes skin rash and attacks blood vessels |
| white strawberry tongue | dorm of tongue covered in white coating in scarlet fever |
| red strawberry/raspberry tongue | after 5 days, white covering on tongue is lost in scarlet fever infection |
| tonsillar concretions | condensed collections of desquamated keratin and foreign material in tonsillar crypts |
| tonsilloliths | tonsillar concretions that have become calcified; can be seen on panoramic radiographs |
| diphtheria | lethal toxin from {Corynebacterium diphtheria} causes tissue necrosis |
| diphtheric membrane | adherent gray membrane that covers mucosal tissues in the mouth in diphtheria infections |
| syphilis (lues) | chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum |
| acquired syphilis | transmitted by sexual contact |
| primary syphilis | within 3-90 days of exposure; lesion is {chancre} an elevated, crusted lesion |
| secondary syphilis | systemic manifestation of syphilis infection with cutaneous lesions {maculopapular rash} |
| mucous patches | irregular oral lesions covered by white membrane in secondary syphilis; called {spilt papule} at the commissures of the mouth |
| condyloma lata | syphilitic papillomas on genitals |
| latent syphilis | period in syphilis infection free of lesions and symptoms; can last 1-30 years |
| tertiary syphilis | includes cardiovascular issues {aortic aneurysm} and CNS problems {tabes dorsalis} |
| gumma | focal granulomatous inflammation of indurated nodules, not infectious |
| interstitial glossitis | multiple gummas on dorsum of tongue |
| luetic glossitis | atrophy of tongue and loss of papillae in syphilis |
| Argyll-Robertson pupil | in tertiary syphilis, pupil does not react to light but does accommodate |
| VDRL and RPR | nonspecific serologic tests for syphilis |
| FTA-ABS | more specific, more quickly detected serologic test for syphilis |
| congenital syphilis | transmitted from fetus to mother |
| 1. Hutchinson's teeth 2. ocular interstitial keratitis 3. eighth nerve deafness | Hutchinson's triad |
| gonorrhea | STD caused by {Neisseria gonorrhoeae}, a gram negative diplococcus; must rule out Chlamydia trachomatis by NAATS |
| tuberculosis | chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| primary TB | in previously unexposed individuals, remains in lungs where infection is walled off |
| secondary TB | in immunocompromised patients, reactivation of dormant infection with lesions at apices of lungs |
| miliary TB | tuberculosis disseminated in vasculature |
| consumption | generalized wasting syndrome in secondary TB |
| scrofula | TB infection by consuming contaminated milk containing {Mycobacterium bovis} |
| oral lesions of TB | uncommon but if present, occur after pulmonary lesions as ulcers or nodules |
| PPD | tuberculin skin test, cannot distinguish if active infection |
| QuantiFERON | new TB blood test, can tell if active infection |
| multi agent drug therapy | treatment for active TB |
| chemoprophylaxis | recommended treatment if positive PPD but inactive infection |
| leprosy | infection of {Mycobacterium leprae} |
| tuberculoid leprosy | exhibits pronounced immune reaction; few hypo pigmented skin lesions, anesthesia and loss of sweating |
| lepromatous leprosy | reduced immune response with papules and nodules on skin that thicken and distort the face {leonine facies} |
| leonine facies | distorted face from leprosy |
| noma (cancrum oris) | rapid opportunistic infection caused by normal oral microflora |
| Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella intermedia | key organism causative of noma |
| actinomycosis | chronic suppurative infection caused by anaerobic gram positive {Actinomyces israelii} |
| cervicofacial form | form of actinomycosis that enters area of former trauma and has wooden-looking indurated lesions that drain onto skin through a sinus tract |
| sulfur granules | bacterial colonies that look like yellow flecks in actinomycosis infection |
| cat-scratch disease | infection caused by {Bartonella henselae} after contact with a cat, causes lymphadenopathy in children |
| bacillary angiomatosis | caused by {Bartonella henselae}; vasoproliferative disorder that resembles Kaposi sarcoma |
| acute sinusitis | usually viral, can develop after an upper respiratory infection |
| chronic sinusitis | usually bacterial from blockage of ostial openings; can develop {antroliths} in sinuses |
| functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) | surgery that is done if sinusitis does not resolve with antibiotics; creates better drainage |
Created by:
aharnold
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