IV Solutions, Types of Catheters
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| show | Provides H20, electrolytes, & nutrientsAdminister medications & blood products.
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| Two types of IV solutions | show 🗑
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| Able to pass through semipermeable membrane. Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic | show 🗑
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| show | Colloids
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| show | Isotonic Solutions
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| show | Isotonic Solutions
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| Lactated Ringers (common for surgery) | show 🗑
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| show | Isotonic Solutions
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| Pull fluid out of vascular space & into cells. 0.45% sodium chloride (half-normal saline) Ok to use in PIV | show 🗑
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| Main use: Replaces cellular fluid. Administer cautiously: Fluid shift from vascular system to cells, may lead to intravascular fluid depletion, may result in CV collapse & increased intracranial pressure | show 🗑
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| Draw fluid from ICF to ECF. From cells to blood vessels. May cause fluid volume excess. | show 🗑
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| Should be administered via central vein. 50% dextrose (D50) Only emergency such as hypoglycemia, | show 🗑
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| TPN | show 🗑
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| Types of Venous Catheters | show 🗑
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| show | PIV
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| show | PICC, Midline
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| show | Tunneled Catheter, Implanted port
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| show | Intraosseous (IO)
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| Over the needle catheter, most commonly used, lengths 0.75"-1.25", diameters: 12 gauge-24 gauge | show 🗑
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| show | Site change every 72-96 hrs. Dressing change: gauze every 48 hrs. transparent 3-7 days.
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| show | No might cause embolism
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| Warm pack, have them relax extremity, fear can result in venous constriction | show 🗑
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| show | Winged-Infusion Set
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| show | Midline Catheter
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| Midline Catheters should not be used for | show 🗑
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| show | Central venous catheters
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| Types of Central venous catheters | show 🗑
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| PICC | show 🗑
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| show | Ease of insertion, low complication rates, low infection rates, multi-lumen access, comfortable for patients, easy to cover up, can be used long-term up to a year.
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| PICC Disadvantages | show 🗑
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| Non-Tunneled Central Lines | show 🗑
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| show | Infuse large volumes quickly, any medication or blood, hemodynamic monitoring, multi-lumen access
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| Non-Tunneled Central Lines Disadvantages | show 🗑
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| show | Skin-Tunneled Catheters
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| Commonly called: Broviac, Hickman Tunnel provides distance between entry site in vein and exit site in skin | show 🗑
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| Indicated for frequent or continuous administration of IV substances, commonly called Port-a-Cath Central, long term | show 🗑
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| show | Implanted Ports
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| show | Implanted Ports
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| show | Delivery of TPN & other fluids, including blood products, chemotherapy & other drugs, obtaining blood specimens
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| Implanted Port Risks: | show 🗑
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| show | Fluid overload/pulmonary edema, embolism, infection, allergic reaction
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| Fluid overload s/s | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary edema s/s | show 🗑
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| Fluid Overload Treatment | show 🗑
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| show | Slow or stop infusion rate, O2, diuretics
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| Fluid Overload Prevention | show 🗑
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| Accidental entry of air into vasculature. Piece of catheter breaks off & enters circulation, can block major vessel, blood clot into heart & pulmonary artery | show 🗑
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| Air embolism s/s | show 🗑
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| show | Clamp cannula, ABC'S, left-sided trendelenburg position, Notify RN/MD, Frequent assessment & vital signs, High-flow O2 if ordered
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| show | Use air filters, clamp tubing when changing administration set, use luer lock connection, prime all tubing
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| Intracellular fluid | show 🗑
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| show | Outside of cells
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| Catheter related blood stream infection | show 🗑
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| Bacteria on skin enters on catheter insertion, catheter movement at insertion site, external sources | show 🗑
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| show | Fever, backache, headache, malaise, tachypnea, signs of poor perfusion: delayed cap. refill, poor color
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| TPN can't hang longer then | show 🗑
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| show | Hub contamination, wipe vigorously every time accessed, change cap every 7 days
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| show | Designed to continually release chlorhexidine over 7 days (antimicrobial & antifungal) Provides one inch zone of inhibition, infection decreased 60%
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| show | Preferred method of stabilization PICC lines
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| show | Chills & fever, erythema, itching, dyspnea or wheezing, anaphylatic shock, cardiac arrest
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| Allergic reaction treatment | show 🗑
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| Allergic reaction interventions | show 🗑
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| show | Infilltration & extravasion, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, hematoma, clotting & obstruction
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| IV solution enters surrounding tissues, occurs when IV cannula dislodges or perforates wall of vein | show 🗑
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| show | Edema at insertion site, leaking at site, pain, site cool to touch, decreased rate of infusion, drip rate, blanching, can cause permanent damage
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| show | Similar to infiltration, Inadvertent adminstration of chemo, vesicant or irritant
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| Extravasation s/s | show 🗑
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| show | Don't take IV out. Leave in place to administer antidote
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| show | Reddened, warm area around site or along vein path, pain, vein may feel hard when palpated
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| show | Stop infusion, assess site, notify RN/MD, disinfect site and remove catheter, restart IV opposite extremity, warm moist compress
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| Phlebitis prevention | show 🗑
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| Phlebitis | show 🗑
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| show | Blood leaks into tissues surrounding IV insertion site
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| show | Opposite wall of vein perforated, catheter slipping out of vein, insufficient pressure to site after catheter removal
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| show | Ecchymois-bruising, immediate swelling, blood leaking at site
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| show | Clot or precipitate, kinked tubing, very slow infusion rate, allowing IV bag to run dry
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Created by:
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