hair, skin, nails
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| acrocyanosis | bluish discoloration of hands and feet - may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if newborn is kept in cool ambient environment
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| alopecia | hair loss
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| alopecia areata | sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from scalp or face
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| annular | round, active margins with central clearing
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| apocrine glands | specialized structures found only in the axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids, and external ears
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| cellular stratum | one of the major layers in epidermis - where keratin cells are synthesized
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| cellulitis | diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
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| chloasma | occurs in pregnant women - found on forehead, cheeks, bridge of nose, and chin - blotchy and symmetrical
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| confluent | lesions run together
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| cutis mormorata | mottled appearance of the body and extremities of the skin of newborns when exposed to decreased temperatures
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| dermatomal | lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body
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| dermis | richly vascular connective tissue layer of the skin that supports and separates the epidermis from the cutaneous adipose tissue
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| ecchymosis | discoloration (bruising) produced by injury
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| eccrine glands | glands that open directly to the skin surface and are found throughout the body except in the lip margins, eardrums, nail beds, inner surface of the prepuce and glans penis
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| exzematous dermatitis | most common inflammatory skin disorder - several forms exist: irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis
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| epidermis | outer portion of skin - consists of two layers
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| erythema toxicum | pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen in newborns about 36 hrs after birth
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| folliculitis | inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
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| furnucle | deep seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit
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| generalized | widely distributed or present in several areas simultaneously
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| herpes simplex | infection caused by herpes simplex virus
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| herpes zoster | infection caused by varicella zoster virus
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| hypodermis | layer of skin that connects the dermis to the underlying organs that consist of loose connective tissue filled with fatty cells
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| keloid | irregular shape, elevated, progressively enlarging hypertrophied scar tissue
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| keratin | waterproofing protein found in the stratum corneum
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| lanugo | fine, silky hair of newborns found on back and shoulders
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| melanin | synthesized in the stratum germinativum by melanocytes and is pigment that gives skin its color
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| mongolian spots | irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation on the sacral and gluteal regions of a newborn - most predominately occurs in people of African, Native American, Asian, and Latin descent
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| morbilliform | refers to maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body
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| nails | epidermal cells converted to hard plates of keratin
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| nevus | mole that varies in size and degree of pigmentation
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| papillae | loops of capillaries that supply nourishment for hair follicles
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| petechiae | tiny, flat, purple or red spots on skin surface - resulting from minute hemorrhages within dermal layer smaller than 0.5cm in diameter
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| pityriasis rosea | self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause
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| plaque | type of skin lesion common in pts with psoriasis
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| psoriasis | chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis
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| pruritic urticarial plapules and plaque of pregnancy | benign dermatosis that usually arises late in 3rd trimester of first pregnancy
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| reticulate | referring to lesion with netlike or lacy appearance
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| rosacea | chronic inflammatory skin disorder
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| salmon patches (stork bite) | flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of neck on newborn
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| sebum | lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out
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| serpiginous | lesions that appear to occur in wavy line
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| stellate | star shaped lesion
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| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis - protects body against environmental stressors and water loss
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| stratum lucidum | layer of epidermis found in thicker skin of palms and soles
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| telangiectasis | permanently dilated, small blood vessels consisting of venules, capillaries, or arterioles
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| terminal hair | course, longer, thicker, and usually pigmented hair
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| tinea | group of noncandidal fungal infections that involve the stratum corneum, nails and hair
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| vellus hair | short, fine hair that is non-pigmented
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| vernix caseosa | mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers infant's body at birth
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| vesicle | fluid-filled and elevated, but superficial, skin lesion
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| wood's lamp | type of lamp used to evaluate epidermal hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesion and to distinguish the fluorescing skin lesions
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| purpura | red-purple nonblanchable discoloration greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
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| spider angioma | red central body with radiating spider-like legs that blanch with pressure to central body
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| venous star | bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped - does not blanch with pressure
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| clostridium gas gangrene | smells like rotten apples
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| proteus infection | smells mousy
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| pseudomonas infection (especially burns) | smells grapelike
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| tuberculosis lymphadentitis (scrofula) | smells like stale beer
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| anaerobic infection; scurvy | smells putrid
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| intestinal obstruction; peritonitis | smells feculent
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| phenylketonuria | smells mousy, musty
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| skin lesion | describes any pathologic skin change or occurrence - may be primary or secondary
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| primary skin lesion | those that occur as initial spontaneous manifestations of a pathologic process
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| secondary skin lesion | those that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion
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| macule | flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles
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| papule | elevated, firm circumscribed area - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) wart (verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus
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| patch | flat, nonpalpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) vitiligo, port wine stains, mongolian spots, cafe au lait patch
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| plaque | elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic kerotoses
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| wheal | elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema - solid, transient, variable diameter - ex) insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction
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| nodule | elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion - deeper in dermis than a papule - 1-2 cm in diameter - ex) erythema nodosum, lipoma
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| tumor | elevated and solid lesion - may or may not be clearly demarcated - deeper in dermis - greater than 2 cm in diameter - ex) neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma
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| vesicle | elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis - filled with serous fluid - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)
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| bulla | vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) blister, pemphigus vulgaris
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| pustule | elevated, superficial lesion - similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid - ex) impetigo, acne
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| cyst | elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion - in dermis or subcutaneous layer - filled with liquid or semisolid material - ex) sebacceous cyst, cystic acne
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| scale | heaped up, keratinized cells; flaky skin, irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily, variation in size - ex) flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis or following drug reaction, dry skin
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| lichenification | rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation - often involves flexor surface of extremity - ex) chronic dermatitis
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| scar | thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis
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| excoriation | loss of epidermis - linear hollowed out, crusted area - ex) abrasion or scratch, scabies
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| fissure | linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis - may be moist or dry - ex) athlete's foot, cracks at corner of mouth
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| erosion | loss of part of the epidermis - depressed, moist, glistening, follows rupture of vesicle or bulla - ex) varicella, variola after rupture
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| ulcer | loss of epidermis and dermis - concave, varies in size - ex) decubiti, stasis ulcer
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| crust | dried serum, blood or purulent exudates - slightly elevated, size varies - brown, red, black, tan or straw-colored - ex) scab on abrasion, eczema
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| atrophy | thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings - skin translucent and paper-like - ex) striae, aged skin
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| discrete margin | well demarcated or defined - able to draw a line around it with confidence
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| indistinct margin | poorly defined, have borders that merge into normal skin or outlying ill-defined papules
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| active margin | margin of lesion shows greater activity than center
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| irregular margin | nonsmooth or notched margin
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| border raised above margin | center of lesion depressed compared to the edge
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| advancing margin | expanding at margins
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| central clearing | erythematous border surrounds lighter skin
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| desquamation | peeling or sloughing of skin
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| keratotic | hypertrophic stratum corneum
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| punctation | central umbillication or dimpling
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| basal cell carcinoma | most common form of skin cancer - arises from basal layer of epidermis - occurs most frequently on face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders
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| squamous cell carcinoma | second most common form of skin cancer - malignant tumor arises in epithelium - occurs most frequently in sun exposed areas, scalp, back of hands, lower lip, ear
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| malignant melanoma | lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes
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