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hair, skin, nails
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acrocyanosis | bluish discoloration of hands and feet - may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if newborn is kept in cool ambient environment |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| alopecia areata | sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from scalp or face |
| annular | round, active margins with central clearing |
| apocrine glands | specialized structures found only in the axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids, and external ears |
| cellular stratum | one of the major layers in epidermis - where keratin cells are synthesized |
| cellulitis | diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
| chloasma | occurs in pregnant women - found on forehead, cheeks, bridge of nose, and chin - blotchy and symmetrical |
| confluent | lesions run together |
| cutis mormorata | mottled appearance of the body and extremities of the skin of newborns when exposed to decreased temperatures |
| dermatomal | lesion that follows a nerve or segment of the body |
| dermis | richly vascular connective tissue layer of the skin that supports and separates the epidermis from the cutaneous adipose tissue |
| ecchymosis | discoloration (bruising) produced by injury |
| eccrine glands | glands that open directly to the skin surface and are found throughout the body except in the lip margins, eardrums, nail beds, inner surface of the prepuce and glans penis |
| exzematous dermatitis | most common inflammatory skin disorder - several forms exist: irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis |
| epidermis | outer portion of skin - consists of two layers |
| erythema toxicum | pink papular rash with vesicles superimposed on thorax, back, buttocks, and abdomen in newborns about 36 hrs after birth |
| folliculitis | inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis |
| furnucle | deep seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit |
| generalized | widely distributed or present in several areas simultaneously |
| herpes simplex | infection caused by herpes simplex virus |
| herpes zoster | infection caused by varicella zoster virus |
| hypodermis | layer of skin that connects the dermis to the underlying organs that consist of loose connective tissue filled with fatty cells |
| keloid | irregular shape, elevated, progressively enlarging hypertrophied scar tissue |
| keratin | waterproofing protein found in the stratum corneum |
| lanugo | fine, silky hair of newborns found on back and shoulders |
| melanin | synthesized in the stratum germinativum by melanocytes and is pigment that gives skin its color |
| mongolian spots | irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation on the sacral and gluteal regions of a newborn - most predominately occurs in people of African, Native American, Asian, and Latin descent |
| morbilliform | refers to maculopapular lesions that become confluent on the face and body |
| nails | epidermal cells converted to hard plates of keratin |
| nevus | mole that varies in size and degree of pigmentation |
| papillae | loops of capillaries that supply nourishment for hair follicles |
| petechiae | tiny, flat, purple or red spots on skin surface - resulting from minute hemorrhages within dermal layer smaller than 0.5cm in diameter |
| pityriasis rosea | self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause |
| plaque | type of skin lesion common in pts with psoriasis |
| psoriasis | chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis |
| pruritic urticarial plapules and plaque of pregnancy | benign dermatosis that usually arises late in 3rd trimester of first pregnancy |
| reticulate | referring to lesion with netlike or lacy appearance |
| rosacea | chronic inflammatory skin disorder |
| salmon patches (stork bite) | flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of neck on newborn |
| sebum | lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out |
| serpiginous | lesions that appear to occur in wavy line |
| stellate | star shaped lesion |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis - protects body against environmental stressors and water loss |
| stratum lucidum | layer of epidermis found in thicker skin of palms and soles |
| telangiectasis | permanently dilated, small blood vessels consisting of venules, capillaries, or arterioles |
| terminal hair | course, longer, thicker, and usually pigmented hair |
| tinea | group of noncandidal fungal infections that involve the stratum corneum, nails and hair |
| vellus hair | short, fine hair that is non-pigmented |
| vernix caseosa | mixture of sebum and cornified epidermis that covers infant's body at birth |
| vesicle | fluid-filled and elevated, but superficial, skin lesion |
| wood's lamp | type of lamp used to evaluate epidermal hypopigmented or hyperpigmented lesion and to distinguish the fluorescing skin lesions |
| purpura | red-purple nonblanchable discoloration greater than 0.5 cm in diameter |
| spider angioma | red central body with radiating spider-like legs that blanch with pressure to central body |
| venous star | bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped - does not blanch with pressure |
| clostridium gas gangrene | smells like rotten apples |
| proteus infection | smells mousy |
| pseudomonas infection (especially burns) | smells grapelike |
| tuberculosis lymphadentitis (scrofula) | smells like stale beer |
| anaerobic infection; scurvy | smells putrid |
| intestinal obstruction; peritonitis | smells feculent |
| phenylketonuria | smells mousy, musty |
| skin lesion | describes any pathologic skin change or occurrence - may be primary or secondary |
| primary skin lesion | those that occur as initial spontaneous manifestations of a pathologic process |
| secondary skin lesion | those that result from later evolution of or external trauma to a primary lesion |
| macule | flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) freckles, flat moles, petechiae, measles |
| papule | elevated, firm circumscribed area - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) wart (verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus |
| patch | flat, nonpalpable, irregularly shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) vitiligo, port wine stains, mongolian spots, cafe au lait patch |
| plaque | elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic kerotoses |
| wheal | elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema - solid, transient, variable diameter - ex) insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction |
| nodule | elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion - deeper in dermis than a papule - 1-2 cm in diameter - ex) erythema nodosum, lipoma |
| tumor | elevated and solid lesion - may or may not be clearly demarcated - deeper in dermis - greater than 2 cm in diameter - ex) neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma |
| vesicle | elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis - filled with serous fluid - less than 1 cm in diameter - ex) varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles) |
| bulla | vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter - ex) blister, pemphigus vulgaris |
| pustule | elevated, superficial lesion - similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid - ex) impetigo, acne |
| cyst | elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion - in dermis or subcutaneous layer - filled with liquid or semisolid material - ex) sebacceous cyst, cystic acne |
| scale | heaped up, keratinized cells; flaky skin, irregular, thick or thin, dry or oily, variation in size - ex) flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis or following drug reaction, dry skin |
| lichenification | rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation - often involves flexor surface of extremity - ex) chronic dermatitis |
| scar | thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis |
| excoriation | loss of epidermis - linear hollowed out, crusted area - ex) abrasion or scratch, scabies |
| fissure | linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis - may be moist or dry - ex) athlete's foot, cracks at corner of mouth |
| erosion | loss of part of the epidermis - depressed, moist, glistening, follows rupture of vesicle or bulla - ex) varicella, variola after rupture |
| ulcer | loss of epidermis and dermis - concave, varies in size - ex) decubiti, stasis ulcer |
| crust | dried serum, blood or purulent exudates - slightly elevated, size varies - brown, red, black, tan or straw-colored - ex) scab on abrasion, eczema |
| atrophy | thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings - skin translucent and paper-like - ex) striae, aged skin |
| discrete margin | well demarcated or defined - able to draw a line around it with confidence |
| indistinct margin | poorly defined, have borders that merge into normal skin or outlying ill-defined papules |
| active margin | margin of lesion shows greater activity than center |
| irregular margin | nonsmooth or notched margin |
| border raised above margin | center of lesion depressed compared to the edge |
| advancing margin | expanding at margins |
| central clearing | erythematous border surrounds lighter skin |
| desquamation | peeling or sloughing of skin |
| keratotic | hypertrophic stratum corneum |
| punctation | central umbillication or dimpling |
| basal cell carcinoma | most common form of skin cancer - arises from basal layer of epidermis - occurs most frequently on face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders |
| squamous cell carcinoma | second most common form of skin cancer - malignant tumor arises in epithelium - occurs most frequently in sun exposed areas, scalp, back of hands, lower lip, ear |
| malignant melanoma | lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes |
Created by:
stephanie.gage
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