Biochemistry
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass
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| Mass | The quantity of matter an object has
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| Element | Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter
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| Atom | The simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element
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| Nucleus | Makes up the bulk of the cell and contains a proton and a neutron
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| Proton | A positively charged particle that is contained in the necleus
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| Neuton | A particle that has no charge and is contained ijn the nucleus
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| Atomic Number | The number of protons in one atom
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| Mass Number | Equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the object
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| Electron | Negatively charged particles
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| Orbital | is a three dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
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| isotope | Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
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| Compound | Made up of atoms of two or more elements fixed in proportions
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| Chemical Bond | Are the attractive forces that hold atoms together
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| Covalent Bond | When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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| Molecule | Is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties in a substance and can exist in a free state.
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| Ion | An atom or molecule with an electric charge
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| Ionic Bond | When one or more elections are transferred from one atom to another
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| Energy | The ability to do work
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| Chemical Reaction | One or more substances changed to make two different substances
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| Reactant | The ingredients of a chemical reaction
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| Product | Shown on the right side of the equation, these are what is produced in result
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| Metaboloism | All chemical reactions that occur in an organism
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| Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start the reaction
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| Catalyst | Reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place
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| Enzyme | A protein that speeds up a metabolic reaction without being permanently changed or destoyed
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| Red ox reaction | Reactions where electrons are transferred between atoms
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| Oxidation reaction | When a reactant looses one or more electrons, and become positive
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| Reduction Reaction | When a reaction gains one or more elections, and becoming negative
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| Polar | An uneven distribution of charge
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| Hydrogen Bond | The attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge, and another atom or molecule with a full negative charge
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| Cohesion | An attractive force that hold molecules of the same substance together
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| Adhesion | The attractive force between two particles of a different substance
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| Capillary | The attraction between molecules that cause the rise of a surface of an liquid that causes the rise in the surface liquid when in contact with a solid.
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| Solutions | Mixture in which one or two substances are uniformly distributed in a another substance
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| Solute | The substance dissolved in a solvent
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| Solvent | The substance in which the site is dissolved
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| Concentration | The amount of solute in a given solvent
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| Saturated Solution | One in which no more solute can dissolve
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| Aqueous Solution | Solutions in which water is the solvent. Important to living things
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| Hydroxide ion | A negatively charged particle made up of one hydrogen and one oxygen molecule
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| Hydronium ion | A positively charged ion having three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
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| Acid | A solution where the number of hydronium ions is greater than that of the hydroxide ions.
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| Base | A solution where the number of hydroxide ions is greater than that of the hydronium ions.
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| Ph Scale | A scale that shows the concentrations o ions in a liquid, ranges from 0-14
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| Buffer | Chemical Substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution
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| Organic Compound | Compounds that are primarily made up pf carbon atoms
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| Functional group | A cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of molecules and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo
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| Monomer | Small and simple molecules made up of carbon
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| Polymer | Is a molecule that consists of repeated linked units
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| Macromolecule | Large polymers
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| Condensation reaction | When monomers link to polymers
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| Hydrolysis | Water is used to break down a polymer
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| Adenosine Triosphate(ATP) | Compounds that store large quantities of energy in their overall structure
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| carbohydrate | Organic compounds made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.
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| Monosaccharide | A monomer of carbohydrate
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| Disaccharide | Two sugars that are combined( two monosaccharides)
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| Polysaccharide | A molecule made up of three or more monosaccharides
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| Proteins | Organi compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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| Amino Acids | The monomer of proteins
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| Petite Bond | A covalent bond formed from two or more amino acids
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| Polypeptides | Amino acids that form a very long chain
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| Substrate | The reactant being woken down (catalyzed by an enzyme
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| Active Site | The folds in an enzyme that allow the substrate to fit
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| Lipids | Lare non polar organic molecules that don't dissolve in water
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| Triglycerides | Most common fat used for energy and cell membrane
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| Phospholipids | Parts of a cell membrane that have two fatty acids attached to one glycerol
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| Wax | A lipid that is made of a long fatty acid chain joined by a long alcohol chain
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| Steroids | Molecules that are composed of 4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them
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| Nucleic acids | Are organic molecules that store info within the cell
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| DNA | Determines the characteristics of an organism and direct cella activity
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| RNA | Stores info from DNA that is essential for manufacturing proteins
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| Nucleotide | The monomer of nucleic acid
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Created by:
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