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Biochemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
Mass | The quantity of matter an object has |
Element | Substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
Atom | The simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element |
Nucleus | Makes up the bulk of the cell and contains a proton and a neutron |
Proton | A positively charged particle that is contained in the necleus |
Neuton | A particle that has no charge and is contained ijn the nucleus |
Atomic Number | The number of protons in one atom |
Mass Number | Equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in the object |
Electron | Negatively charged particles |
Orbital | is a three dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
isotope | Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons |
Compound | Made up of atoms of two or more elements fixed in proportions |
Chemical Bond | Are the attractive forces that hold atoms together |
Covalent Bond | When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
Molecule | Is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties in a substance and can exist in a free state. |
Ion | An atom or molecule with an electric charge |
Ionic Bond | When one or more elections are transferred from one atom to another |
Energy | The ability to do work |
Chemical Reaction | One or more substances changed to make two different substances |
Reactant | The ingredients of a chemical reaction |
Product | Shown on the right side of the equation, these are what is produced in result |
Metaboloism | All chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start the reaction |
Catalyst | Reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place |
Enzyme | A protein that speeds up a metabolic reaction without being permanently changed or destoyed |
Red ox reaction | Reactions where electrons are transferred between atoms |
Oxidation reaction | When a reactant looses one or more electrons, and become positive |
Reduction Reaction | When a reaction gains one or more elections, and becoming negative |
Polar | An uneven distribution of charge |
Hydrogen Bond | The attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge, and another atom or molecule with a full negative charge |
Cohesion | An attractive force that hold molecules of the same substance together |
Adhesion | The attractive force between two particles of a different substance |
Capillary | The attraction between molecules that cause the rise of a surface of an liquid that causes the rise in the surface liquid when in contact with a solid. |
Solutions | Mixture in which one or two substances are uniformly distributed in a another substance |
Solute | The substance dissolved in a solvent |
Solvent | The substance in which the site is dissolved |
Concentration | The amount of solute in a given solvent |
Saturated Solution | One in which no more solute can dissolve |
Aqueous Solution | Solutions in which water is the solvent. Important to living things |
Hydroxide ion | A negatively charged particle made up of one hydrogen and one oxygen molecule |
Hydronium ion | A positively charged ion having three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom |
Acid | A solution where the number of hydronium ions is greater than that of the hydroxide ions. |
Base | A solution where the number of hydroxide ions is greater than that of the hydronium ions. |
Ph Scale | A scale that shows the concentrations o ions in a liquid, ranges from 0-14 |
Buffer | Chemical Substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution |
Organic Compound | Compounds that are primarily made up pf carbon atoms |
Functional group | A cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of molecules and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo |
Monomer | Small and simple molecules made up of carbon |
Polymer | Is a molecule that consists of repeated linked units |
Macromolecule | Large polymers |
Condensation reaction | When monomers link to polymers |
Hydrolysis | Water is used to break down a polymer |
Adenosine Triosphate(ATP) | Compounds that store large quantities of energy in their overall structure |
carbohydrate | Organic compounds made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. |
Monosaccharide | A monomer of carbohydrate |
Disaccharide | Two sugars that are combined( two monosaccharides) |
Polysaccharide | A molecule made up of three or more monosaccharides |
Proteins | Organi compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
Amino Acids | The monomer of proteins |
Petite Bond | A covalent bond formed from two or more amino acids |
Polypeptides | Amino acids that form a very long chain |
Substrate | The reactant being woken down (catalyzed by an enzyme |
Active Site | The folds in an enzyme that allow the substrate to fit |
Lipids | Lare non polar organic molecules that don't dissolve in water |
Triglycerides | Most common fat used for energy and cell membrane |
Phospholipids | Parts of a cell membrane that have two fatty acids attached to one glycerol |
Wax | A lipid that is made of a long fatty acid chain joined by a long alcohol chain |
Steroids | Molecules that are composed of 4 fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
Nucleic acids | Are organic molecules that store info within the cell |
DNA | Determines the characteristics of an organism and direct cella activity |
RNA | Stores info from DNA that is essential for manufacturing proteins |
Nucleotide | The monomer of nucleic acid |