Chapter 2 & 3 Vocabulary
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| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass
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| Mass | the quantity of matter an object has.
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| Atom | The simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element
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| Nucleus | The central region of an atom
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| Proton | A positively charged subatomic particle
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| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom
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| Mass Number | an atom is equal is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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| Electrons | high-energy particles that have very little mass
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| Orbital | a three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.
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| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have a different numbers of neutrons
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| Chemical Bond | the attractive forces that hold atoms together
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| Covalent Bond | when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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| Molecule | the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state.
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| Ion | An atom or molecule with electrical charge
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| Ionic Bond | Positive and negative electrical charges attract each each other, the sodium ion and the chloride ion attract each other
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| Energy | the ability to do work
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| Chemical Reaction | one or more substance charge to produce one or more different substances
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| Reactants | shown on the left side of the equation (before arrow)
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| Products | this reaction are shown on the right side (after the arrow)
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| Metabolism | the term used to describe all of the chemicals reaction that occur in an organism
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| Activation Energy | the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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| Catalysts | reduced the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place
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| Enzyme | a protein or RNA molecule that speed that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed
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| Redox reaction | when electrons are transferred between atoms are known as oxidation reduction reactions or
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| Oxidation Reactions | a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in charge
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| Reduction reaction | a reactant gains on or more election thus becoming more negative in charge
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| Polar | Uneven distribution of charge
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| Hydrogen Bond | the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom molecule with a or full negative charge
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| Cohesion | An attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
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| Adhesion | the attractive force between two particles of different substances (ex. water molecules and glass molecules)
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| Capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with solid
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| Solution | a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance.
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| Solute | a substance dissolved in the solvent
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| Solvent | the substance in which the solute is dissolved
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| Concentration | the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of of the solution
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| Saturated Solution | one in which o more solute can dissolve
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| Aqueous Solution | solutions in which water is the solvent
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| Hydroxide Ion | OH- ion
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| Hydronium Ion | H3O + ion
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| Base | A solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions
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| pH scale | A scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution
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| Buffers | chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either acid or base added to a solution
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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