Communication Key Terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Fovea | point on the retina with the greatest acuity and the greatest number of cone cells
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| Incus | one of three small bones in the middle ear
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| Ion | a charged atom or group of atoms
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| Iris | coloured part of the eye, controls the amount of light entering the eye
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| Schwann Cells | a type of cell that produces the myelin sheath around nerve cells
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| Sclera | tough white coating in the eye
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| Sex-inked | a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes
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| Sound shadow | the acoustic shadow cast by the head, used in the localisation of sound
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| dendrite | extension of a neurone that transmits the signal towards the cell body.
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| effector | a muscle or gland that produces a response to a stimulus
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| Spike | graphical interpretation of the firing of a neurone
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| Stapes | the third bone in the middle ear, part of the ossicles
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| Stereocilia | hair-like extensions on hair cells that contact the tectorial membrane and send an impulse to the brain
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| Stereoscopic | three dimensional view using the overlapping field of view from two eyes
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| Stimuli | an external message that excites a receptor
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| Stimulus | singular of stimuli
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| Labyrinth | organ in the inner ear that is responsible for balance
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| Lateral line | a visible line along the head and body of fish and amphibians, senses low frequency sound
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| Malleus | first of three small bones in the middle ear
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| Mechanoreceptors | a receptor that responds to sound, pressure, touch, and position
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| Optic Nerve | nerve that leaves the retina of the eye
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| Otolith | calcareous mass found in the ear of some vertebrates, important in sound perception in fish
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| Oval window | the connecting plate between the middle ear and inner ear
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| Peripheral | on the outer side
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| Pheromones | chemicals released as a signal
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| Receptors | detect changes in the environment
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| Recessive | not expressed in the phenotype unless it is the only gene present
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| Refraction | bending of light
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| Refractory period | the time taken for a neurone to recover after firing
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| Accomodation | changing the focus in the eye by changing the shape of the lens using the ciliary muscles
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| Action potential | reversal of voltage across a nerve membrane caused by the movement of sodium and potassium ions
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| Acuity | sharpness of vision
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| Aqueous humour | transparent fluid that lies between the cornea and the lens
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| Axon | an extension on a neurone that takes the impulse away from the cell body
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| Bioncular | involving the use of two eyes with overlapping field of view resulting in depth perception
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| Bioluminescence | the production of light by living organisms
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| Blind spot | the place on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye, contains no light sensitive cells
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| Cornea | transparent layer at the front of the eye that refracts incoming light
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| Conjunctiva | membrane lining the outer layer of the eye
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| Cone Cell | light sensitive cell found on the retina of the eye, important in color perception
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| Color Blind | inability to detect particular colors caused by a lack of specific color cone cells
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| Ciliary Muscles | small muscles attached to the lens that change the shape of the lens to focus on near and far objects
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| Ciliary Body | contains suspensory ligaments and the ciliary muscles in the eye
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| Choroid | a layer between the sclera and retina
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| Cell Body | part of the neurone that contains the nucleus and other organelles
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| Cataract | a clouding of the eye's lens
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| Photoreceptor | an organ or cell, sensitive to light
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| Pitch | function of the frequency of a wave, high or low sounds have high or low pitch
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| Polarisation | separation of positive and negative ions
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| Pupil | the opening in the iris of the eye
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| Receptors | detect changes in the environment
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| Recessive | not expressed in the phenotype unless it is the only gene present
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| Refraction | bending of light
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| Refractory Period | the time taken for a neurone to recover after firing
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| Resting Potential | the normal state of neurone, negatively charges internally
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| Retina | light sensitive lining on the back of the eye
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| Rhodopsin | Light sensitive pigment found in rod cells
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| Rod Cells | light sensitive cells especially useful for the detection of light
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| Schwann Cells | a type of cell that produces the myelin sheath around nerve cells
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