6th Grade Final Exam
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| Large, low, flat landform is called a | Plain
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| An elevated plain is a | Plateau
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| Large, rocky highly elevated landform is a | Mountain
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| A group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, and age | Mountain range
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| An imaginary line that circles the earth at 0 degrees | Equator
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| Imaginary lines that travel east and west describing position relative to the equator are called | Latitude lines
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| Imaginary lines travel north and south describing position relative to the prime meridian are called | Longitude lines
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| Mercator, Equal-area, and Conic are examples of | Map Projections
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| The height above sea level is called | Elevation
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| Describes symbols on a map | Key
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| The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area is its | Relief
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| The shape of the land is its | Topography
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| A feature of topography formed by processes of the earth's surface is | landform
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| Shapes and pictures that stand for features on the Earth's surface are called | Symbols
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| Often given as a ratio; it relates distance on a map to a real distance on the earth | Scale
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| A flat model of the Earth or part of the Earth | Map
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| Used to measure the distance around the earth | Degree
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| An imaginary line that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres | Equator
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| One half of the sphere that makes up the earth's surface | Hemisphere
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| How long ago did the earth begin to form? | 4,600,000,000 years BP
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| What force caused the earth to form? | Gravity
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| Accretion began ____________ years ago. | 4,600,000,000
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| Accretion lasted ___________ years. | 1,000,000,000`
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| What substance was part of earth's first atmosphere? | Helium
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| Which substance was NOT part of earth's second atmosphere? | Helium
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| Which substance was not part of earth's atmosphere during the later Pre-Cambrian time? | Helium
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| This substance was introduced to the earth's atmosphere by living organisms: | Oxygen
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| This substance changed state and settled in the basins of the crust to become oceans: | Water vapor
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| This present day organism is most similar to the earliest life forms | Bacteria
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| This is a ball of dust and ice that orbits the sun | Comet
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| The earth is in this galaxy | Milky Way
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| The closest galaxy to us other than our is | Andromeda
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| The closest star to us other than the sun is | Proxima-Centuri
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| The distance light travels in one year is called | Light year
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| Number of planets in our solar systems: | 7
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| Name the planets in order | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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| Another term for inclination is | Axis Tilt
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| The tilt of the earth's axis is | 23 1/2 degrees
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| Axis tilt gives us _____________ in the temperate zones. | The seasons
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| June 21st is the _______________ | Summer Solstice
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| September 22nd and March 21st are called | Equinox
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| The shortest day of sunlight of the year is the | Winter Solstice
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| The longest day of the year is the | Summer Solstice
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| 3 theories of how the moon was formed: | 1) made up of same material as the earth, but formed separately
2) a small planet collided with earth during accretion. The fragments were placed in orbit. Gravity caused pieces to form the moon
3) a lump of the earth fell off and formed the moon
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| The moon was formed | About the same time as the earth
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| The moon's Marias are | Hardened lava from the moon's volcanoes.
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| The moon's orbit around the earth takes | 29 1/2 days
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| The name of the giant ice sheet that covered most of North America during the Ice Age is called | Wisconsin Glacier
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| The moraine left by an advance 60,000 years ago is called | Ronkonkoma Moraine
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| The movement of glacier that occurred 17,000 years ago is called | Harbor Hill Advance
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| A hill made of glacial debris left where the front of the glacier stopped is called | Moraine
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| An area made of sand or smaller particle of sediment that is washed off a glacier is called | Outwash Plain
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| An area of permeable sediment that contains water is called | Aquifer
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| A flat sandy area found downhill or a moraine that is formed from sand being washed off is | Outwash Plain
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| Formed from ice melting underground leaving a depression that is filled by coming in contact with an aquifer is called | Kettle Lake
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| Formed from large ice fingers digging into the moraine is called | Harbor
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| Steep hills formed from eroded headlands being washed away by the sea are called | Bluffs
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| The material left behind by eroding glaciers is called | Glacial Debris
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| The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level
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| The taking away of sediment is called | Erosion
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| The placing of sediment is called | Deposition
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| Impermeable sediment is called | Clay
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| The materials that make up the earth's surface is | Sediment
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| When a kettle hole comes in contact with an aquifer and fills with water is called | Kettle lake
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| The outwash plain that is found south of the Harbor Hill Moraine is called | Terryville Outwash Plain
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| The outwash plain found south of the Ronkonkoma Moraine is called | South Shore Outwash Plain
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| The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level
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| The agent of mechanical weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called | Abrasion
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| Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of | Freezing and thawing water
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| What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change? | Chemical Weathering
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| A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by | Oxygen
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| A hot and wet climate causes weathering to take place | Rapidly
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| Soil formation begins with weathering of | Bedrock
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| Soil that is rich in humus has high | Fertility
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| When earthworms add their waste to the soil, then die and decay in the soil, they are contributing to the formation of | Humus
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| Living organisms in soil help to | Mix the soil and make humus
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| Decomposers are the soil organisms that | Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms.
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| Soil is a valuable resource because it | is needed for plants to be grown.
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| How long did it take for the thick, fertile soil of the North American prairies to develop? | Thousands of years
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| The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in | Mechanical weathering
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| Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by | Earthworms
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| They type of soil called loam is made up of | Nearly equal amounts of silt , sand and clay
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| Granite lasts a long time when it is used for building in areas where the climate | Is cool.
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| A permeable rock weathers easily because it | contains many, small connected airspaces.
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| The texture , or particle size, of soil determines | how much air and water the soil can hold.
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| A marble statue is left exposed to the weather. Within a few years, the details on the statue have begun to weather away. This weathering is probably caused by | carbonic acid in rainwater.
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| In which soil layer would you find soil that is rich in humus? | A horizon
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| What 2 elements make up water? | Hydrogen and Oxyogen
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| What is the formula for water? | H20
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| What are the charges of the hydrogen atom in a water molecule? | Positive
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| What is not one of water's three states of matter? | Positive
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| What makes molecules stick together? | Polarity
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| What process takes place when water in liquid state turns into a gas state by using heat? | Evaporation
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| What process involves water vapor changing back into a liquid? | Condensation
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| What is the process of changing water from a liquid to a solid? | Freezing
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| The process that involves water flowing between soil particles is called | Percolation
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| Water that enters the earth through the soil is called | Infiltration
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| Water that flows along the earth's surface is called | Runoff
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| Cloud formation is what part of the Hydroloic cycle? | Condensation
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| Where does all of Long Island's rain water runoff eventually end up? | The sea
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| What do water droplets collect on when forming clouds? | Atmospheric dust
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| What formed the large moraines of Long Island? | Glaciers
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| What are the large sandy formations found downhill from moraines called? | Outwash Plains
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| What do we call Long Island's large areas of groundwater? | Aquifers
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| What is water stored underground called? | Groundwater
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| Which of the following terms is not a wave? Tsunami Gulf Stream Tidal Bulge Ocean Swell | Gulf Stream
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| What is the largest ocean swell called? | Ground Swell
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| Wave height is determined by two factors, wind speed and __________. | Fetch
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| The largest of swells are formed from conditions of | Large fetch and strong winds
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| High tide occurs when the _______________ of the tidal wave is in the area. | crest
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| High tide occurs approximately _______ hours from low tide. | 6
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| The primary force that makes the tides is the ___________________. | moon's gravity
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| The primary force that forms a Tsunami is ____________________. | seismic disturbance
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| Tsunamis on the open ocean have a very large _________________. | wavelength
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| When the Tsunami contacts shallow water, wavelength shortens and the height ________________. | gets larger.
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| Another name for a tidal bulge is: | Tidal wave
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| Which moon phase would have a corresponding large high tide? | Full
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| What causes tidal waves to travels across the earth? | Earth's rotation
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| If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next high tide occur? | 1:00 A.M.
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| If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next low tide occur? | 7:00 P.M.
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| The moon and the sun's gravitational pull are lined up during what phases of the moon? | New and Full
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| Which of the following is a warm ocean current? Humboldt Current Gulf Stream Deep Ocean Currents Ridtides | Gulf Stream
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| The spinning of the earth that creates counter clockwise currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called | Coreolis Effect
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| The Gulf Stream gets squeezed in two locations before it reaches Cape Hatteras, the Bahamas, and | between Florida and Cuba
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| The Gulf Stream ends at which continent? | Europe
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| The force that spins the Japanese Current toward the coast of California is | Coreolis Effect
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| Seawater with the highest salinity and coldest temperature is found | on the ocean bottom.
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| The FORCE that makes Deep Ocean Currents move in a horizontal direction is | Gravity
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| If it is high tide in Port Jefferson at 4:00 A.M., the next low tide will be at | 10:00 A.M.
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| A material made of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together is called a | Mixture
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| Anything that contains only one pure type of material | Substance
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; the building blocks of matter: | Elements (there are 118 of them)
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| A mixture where the substances are distributed evenly throughout the mixture. | Homogeneous mixture
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| A mixture where the substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture. | Heterogeneous mixture
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| The SI unit that measures the distance between two points. | Meters
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| The amount of space an object occupies. | Volume
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| Any characteristic of a material that can be observed, measured. | Physical properties
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| The amount of mass an object has compared to its volume | Density
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| The system of International Standard metric measurements | SI Units
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| The space a substance occupies | Volume
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| The amount of matter in an object | Mass
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| The force an object exerts because of gravity | Weight
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| When two or more different atoms chemically combine to form a new substance | Compound
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| When two or more atoms combine to form a new substance | Molecule
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| The basic particle that makes up an element | Atom
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| The study of matter | Chemistry
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| Water is a | substance
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| Milk is a | heterogeneous mixture
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| Oatmeal is | heterogeneous mixture
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| The SI Unit that measures volume | liters
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| A fire usually indicates what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Chemical
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| What type of change is freezing? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| What type of change is melting wax? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| What type of change is electrolysis? Chemical or Physical | Chemical
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| What type of change is bending a paper clip? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| What type of change is condensation? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| What type of change is combustion? Chemical or Physical | Chemical
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| What type of change is oxidation? Chemical or Physical | Chemical
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| What type of change is a melting ice cream? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| What type of change is tarnishing? Chemical or Physical | Chemical
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| What type of energy is snow at the top of a mountain? | Potential
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| What type of energy is water flowing down from a mountain? | Kinetic
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| What type of energy travels in waves though space | Electromagnetic
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| What type of energy is the movement of charged particles? | Electrical
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| What type of energy would a light from a flashlight be? | Electromagnetic
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| Dissolving salt in water is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| Mixing compost into sand is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical
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| Every kind of matter has 6 kinds of properties. True or False | False
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| Every form of matter has physical and chemical properties. True or False | True
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| Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. True or False | True
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| The parts of a mixture are combined into a set ratio. True or False | False
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| Heterogeneous mixtures look the same throughout. True or False | False
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| A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture. True or False | True
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| Acids and bases are what type of matter? | Compounds
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| What is the taste of a base? | Bitter
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| What happens to blue litmus paper in the presence of an acid? | Turns red
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| The breaking down of a metal in an acid is called | Corrosion
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| What is the taste of an acid? | Sour
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| The reaction between an acid and a base is called | Neutralization
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| What is the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones called? | Digestion
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| What is the universal solvent? | Water
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| What is the charge of a proton? | Positive
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| What is the charge of a neutron? | Neutral
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| What is the charge of an electron? | Negative
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| Name the central part of the atom | Nucleus
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| The electrons are contained in the ________ of the atom. | shell
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| Atoms make up all _________. | matter
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| __________________ is the measurement of the force an object exerts because of gravity. | Weight
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| All matter is composed of smaller particles called _________. | Atoms
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| The charge of a proton is ________________. | + Positive
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| The charge of a neutron is | 0
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| The charge of an electron is | - Negative
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| The layer of the earth that contains solid iron and nickel | Inner Core
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| The layer of the earth that makes the ocean bottom and the continents | Crust
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| Transfer of energy through space is | Radiation
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| Transfer of energy though direct contact with a substance is called | Conduction
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| Transfer of heat through the movement of heated fluid is called | Accretion
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| Which type of earth movement is making the Atlantic Ocean wider? | Sea Floor Spreading
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| The super continent that occurred over 150,000,000 years ago was called | Pangaea
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