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Science
6th Grade Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Large, low, flat landform is called a | Plain |
| An elevated plain is a | Plateau |
| Large, rocky highly elevated landform is a | Mountain |
| A group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, and age | Mountain range |
| An imaginary line that circles the earth at 0 degrees | Equator |
| Imaginary lines that travel east and west describing position relative to the equator are called | Latitude lines |
| Imaginary lines travel north and south describing position relative to the prime meridian are called | Longitude lines |
| Mercator, Equal-area, and Conic are examples of | Map Projections |
| The height above sea level is called | Elevation |
| Describes symbols on a map | Key |
| The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area is its | Relief |
| The shape of the land is its | Topography |
| A feature of topography formed by processes of the earth's surface is | landform |
| Shapes and pictures that stand for features on the Earth's surface are called | Symbols |
| Often given as a ratio; it relates distance on a map to a real distance on the earth | Scale |
| A flat model of the Earth or part of the Earth | Map |
| Used to measure the distance around the earth | Degree |
| An imaginary line that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres | Equator |
| One half of the sphere that makes up the earth's surface | Hemisphere |
| How long ago did the earth begin to form? | 4,600,000,000 years BP |
| What force caused the earth to form? | Gravity |
| Accretion began ____________ years ago. | 4,600,000,000 |
| Accretion lasted ___________ years. | 1,000,000,000` |
| What substance was part of earth's first atmosphere? | Helium |
| Which substance was NOT part of earth's second atmosphere? | Helium |
| Which substance was not part of earth's atmosphere during the later Pre-Cambrian time? | Helium |
| This substance was introduced to the earth's atmosphere by living organisms: | Oxygen |
| This substance changed state and settled in the basins of the crust to become oceans: | Water vapor |
| This present day organism is most similar to the earliest life forms | Bacteria |
| This is a ball of dust and ice that orbits the sun | Comet |
| The earth is in this galaxy | Milky Way |
| The closest galaxy to us other than our is | Andromeda |
| The closest star to us other than the sun is | Proxima-Centuri |
| The distance light travels in one year is called | Light year |
| Number of planets in our solar systems: | 7 |
| Name the planets in order | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| Another term for inclination is | Axis Tilt |
| The tilt of the earth's axis is | 23 1/2 degrees |
| Axis tilt gives us _____________ in the temperate zones. | The seasons |
| June 21st is the _______________ | Summer Solstice |
| September 22nd and March 21st are called | Equinox |
| The shortest day of sunlight of the year is the | Winter Solstice |
| The longest day of the year is the | Summer Solstice |
| 3 theories of how the moon was formed: | 1) made up of same material as the earth, but formed separately 2) a small planet collided with earth during accretion. The fragments were placed in orbit. Gravity caused pieces to form the moon 3) a lump of the earth fell off and formed the moon |
| The moon was formed | About the same time as the earth |
| The moon's Marias are | Hardened lava from the moon's volcanoes. |
| The moon's orbit around the earth takes | 29 1/2 days |
| The name of the giant ice sheet that covered most of North America during the Ice Age is called | Wisconsin Glacier |
| The moraine left by an advance 60,000 years ago is called | Ronkonkoma Moraine |
| The movement of glacier that occurred 17,000 years ago is called | Harbor Hill Advance |
| A hill made of glacial debris left where the front of the glacier stopped is called | Moraine |
| An area made of sand or smaller particle of sediment that is washed off a glacier is called | Outwash Plain |
| An area of permeable sediment that contains water is called | Aquifer |
| A flat sandy area found downhill or a moraine that is formed from sand being washed off is | Outwash Plain |
| Formed from ice melting underground leaving a depression that is filled by coming in contact with an aquifer is called | Kettle Lake |
| Formed from large ice fingers digging into the moraine is called | Harbor |
| Steep hills formed from eroded headlands being washed away by the sea are called | Bluffs |
| The material left behind by eroding glaciers is called | Glacial Debris |
| The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level |
| The taking away of sediment is called | Erosion |
| The placing of sediment is called | Deposition |
| Impermeable sediment is called | Clay |
| The materials that make up the earth's surface is | Sediment |
| When a kettle hole comes in contact with an aquifer and fills with water is called | Kettle lake |
| The outwash plain that is found south of the Harbor Hill Moraine is called | Terryville Outwash Plain |
| The outwash plain found south of the Ronkonkoma Moraine is called | South Shore Outwash Plain |
| The elevation of the ocean's surface is called | Sea level |
| The agent of mechanical weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called | Abrasion |
| Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of | Freezing and thawing water |
| What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change? | Chemical Weathering |
| A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by | Oxygen |
| A hot and wet climate causes weathering to take place | Rapidly |
| Soil formation begins with weathering of | Bedrock |
| Soil that is rich in humus has high | Fertility |
| When earthworms add their waste to the soil, then die and decay in the soil, they are contributing to the formation of | Humus |
| Living organisms in soil help to | Mix the soil and make humus |
| Decomposers are the soil organisms that | Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms. |
| Soil is a valuable resource because it | is needed for plants to be grown. |
| How long did it take for the thick, fertile soil of the North American prairies to develop? | Thousands of years |
| The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in | Mechanical weathering |
| Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by | Earthworms |
| They type of soil called loam is made up of | Nearly equal amounts of silt , sand and clay |
| Granite lasts a long time when it is used for building in areas where the climate | Is cool. |
| A permeable rock weathers easily because it | contains many, small connected airspaces. |
| The texture , or particle size, of soil determines | how much air and water the soil can hold. |
| A marble statue is left exposed to the weather. Within a few years, the details on the statue have begun to weather away. This weathering is probably caused by | carbonic acid in rainwater. |
| In which soil layer would you find soil that is rich in humus? | A horizon |
| What 2 elements make up water? | Hydrogen and Oxyogen |
| What is the formula for water? | H20 |
| What are the charges of the hydrogen atom in a water molecule? | Positive |
| What is not one of water's three states of matter? | Positive |
| What makes molecules stick together? | Polarity |
| What process takes place when water in liquid state turns into a gas state by using heat? | Evaporation |
| What process involves water vapor changing back into a liquid? | Condensation |
| What is the process of changing water from a liquid to a solid? | Freezing |
| The process that involves water flowing between soil particles is called | Percolation |
| Water that enters the earth through the soil is called | Infiltration |
| Water that flows along the earth's surface is called | Runoff |
| Cloud formation is what part of the Hydroloic cycle? | Condensation |
| Where does all of Long Island's rain water runoff eventually end up? | The sea |
| What do water droplets collect on when forming clouds? | Atmospheric dust |
| What formed the large moraines of Long Island? | Glaciers |
| What are the large sandy formations found downhill from moraines called? | Outwash Plains |
| What do we call Long Island's large areas of groundwater? | Aquifers |
| What is water stored underground called? | Groundwater |
| Which of the following terms is not a wave? Tsunami Gulf Stream Tidal Bulge Ocean Swell | Gulf Stream |
| What is the largest ocean swell called? | Ground Swell |
| Wave height is determined by two factors, wind speed and __________. | Fetch |
| The largest of swells are formed from conditions of | Large fetch and strong winds |
| High tide occurs when the _______________ of the tidal wave is in the area. | crest |
| High tide occurs approximately _______ hours from low tide. | 6 |
| The primary force that makes the tides is the ___________________. | moon's gravity |
| The primary force that forms a Tsunami is ____________________. | seismic disturbance |
| Tsunamis on the open ocean have a very large _________________. | wavelength |
| When the Tsunami contacts shallow water, wavelength shortens and the height ________________. | gets larger. |
| Another name for a tidal bulge is: | Tidal wave |
| Which moon phase would have a corresponding large high tide? | Full |
| What causes tidal waves to travels across the earth? | Earth's rotation |
| If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next high tide occur? | 1:00 A.M. |
| If high tide was at 1:00 P.M., what time would the next low tide occur? | 7:00 P.M. |
| The moon and the sun's gravitational pull are lined up during what phases of the moon? | New and Full |
| Which of the following is a warm ocean current? Humboldt Current Gulf Stream Deep Ocean Currents Ridtides | Gulf Stream |
| The spinning of the earth that creates counter clockwise currents in the Northern Hemisphere is called | Coreolis Effect |
| The Gulf Stream gets squeezed in two locations before it reaches Cape Hatteras, the Bahamas, and | between Florida and Cuba |
| The Gulf Stream ends at which continent? | Europe |
| The force that spins the Japanese Current toward the coast of California is | Coreolis Effect |
| Seawater with the highest salinity and coldest temperature is found | on the ocean bottom. |
| The FORCE that makes Deep Ocean Currents move in a horizontal direction is | Gravity |
| If it is high tide in Port Jefferson at 4:00 A.M., the next low tide will be at | 10:00 A.M. |
| A material made of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together is called a | Mixture |
| Anything that contains only one pure type of material | Substance |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances; the building blocks of matter: | Elements (there are 118 of them) |
| A mixture where the substances are distributed evenly throughout the mixture. | Homogeneous mixture |
| A mixture where the substances are unevenly distributed throughout the mixture. | Heterogeneous mixture |
| The SI unit that measures the distance between two points. | Meters |
| The amount of space an object occupies. | Volume |
| Any characteristic of a material that can be observed, measured. | Physical properties |
| The amount of mass an object has compared to its volume | Density |
| The system of International Standard metric measurements | SI Units |
| The space a substance occupies | Volume |
| The amount of matter in an object | Mass |
| The force an object exerts because of gravity | Weight |
| When two or more different atoms chemically combine to form a new substance | Compound |
| When two or more atoms combine to form a new substance | Molecule |
| The basic particle that makes up an element | Atom |
| The study of matter | Chemistry |
| Water is a | substance |
| Milk is a | heterogeneous mixture |
| Oatmeal is | heterogeneous mixture |
| The SI Unit that measures volume | liters |
| A fire usually indicates what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
| What type of change is freezing? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| What type of change is melting wax? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| What type of change is electrolysis? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
| What type of change is bending a paper clip? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| What type of change is condensation? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| What type of change is combustion? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
| What type of change is oxidation? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
| What type of change is a melting ice cream? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| What type of change is tarnishing? Chemical or Physical | Chemical |
| What type of energy is snow at the top of a mountain? | Potential |
| What type of energy is water flowing down from a mountain? | Kinetic |
| What type of energy travels in waves though space | Electromagnetic |
| What type of energy is the movement of charged particles? | Electrical |
| What type of energy would a light from a flashlight be? | Electromagnetic |
| Dissolving salt in water is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| Mixing compost into sand is what type of change? Chemical or Physical | Physical |
| Every kind of matter has 6 kinds of properties. True or False | False |
| Every form of matter has physical and chemical properties. True or False | True |
| Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. True or False | True |
| The parts of a mixture are combined into a set ratio. True or False | False |
| Heterogeneous mixtures look the same throughout. True or False | False |
| A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture. True or False | True |
| Acids and bases are what type of matter? | Compounds |
| What is the taste of a base? | Bitter |
| What happens to blue litmus paper in the presence of an acid? | Turns red |
| The breaking down of a metal in an acid is called | Corrosion |
| What is the taste of an acid? | Sour |
| The reaction between an acid and a base is called | Neutralization |
| What is the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones called? | Digestion |
| What is the universal solvent? | Water |
| What is the charge of a proton? | Positive |
| What is the charge of a neutron? | Neutral |
| What is the charge of an electron? | Negative |
| Name the central part of the atom | Nucleus |
| The electrons are contained in the ________ of the atom. | shell |
| Atoms make up all _________. | matter |
| __________________ is the measurement of the force an object exerts because of gravity. | Weight |
| All matter is composed of smaller particles called _________. | Atoms |
| The charge of a proton is ________________. | + Positive |
| The charge of a neutron is | 0 |
| The charge of an electron is | - Negative |
| The layer of the earth that contains solid iron and nickel | Inner Core |
| The layer of the earth that makes the ocean bottom and the continents | Crust |
| Transfer of energy through space is | Radiation |
| Transfer of energy though direct contact with a substance is called | Conduction |
| Transfer of heat through the movement of heated fluid is called | Accretion |
| Which type of earth movement is making the Atlantic Ocean wider? | Sea Floor Spreading |
| The super continent that occurred over 150,000,000 years ago was called | Pangaea |
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