Anatomy Ch 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| functions of skeletal system | protection
storage
blood cell formation
fat storage
movement
support
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| bones organized by... | shape
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| longer than wide | long bone
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| cube-shaped, as long as they are wide | short bone
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| thin, broad bones | flat bone
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| don't fit in other classes | irregular bone
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| bones within tendons | sesamoid bone
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| long bone example | bones in arms and legs
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| short bone example | bones in wrist/ankle
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| flat bone example | ribs, sternum
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| irregular bone example | vertebrae, certain skull bones
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| sesamoid bone example | patella
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| develop when stress is put on tendons | sesamoid bones
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| makes red and white blood cells + platelets | red bone marrow
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| made mostly of triglycerides and adipocytes | yellow bone marrow
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| 65% minerals + hydroxyapatite crystals | inorganic matrix
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| osteoid with collagen, proteglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins, + bone-specific proteins | organic matrix
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| bone-building cells that perform bone deposition | osteoblasts
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| osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix in lacuna | osteocytes
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| means break down bone | osteoclasts
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| mean build bone | osteoblasts
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| multinucleated cells break down bone for remodeling | osteoclasts
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| dissolve components of inorganic matrix | hydrogen ions
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| break down organic matrix | enzymes
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| process of bone formation | ossification/osteogenesis
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| occurs within membrane | intramembranous ossifictaion
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| forms many flat bones | intramembranous ossification
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| occurs inside hyaline cartilage | endochondral ossification
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| forms long bones arms + legs | endochondral ossification
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| long bones develop by... | - chondrocytes swell
-osteoblasts build bony collar for support
- chondracytes die from lack of nutrients
- bone builds to fill space
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| chondrocytes divide in epihyseal plate | longitudinal growth
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| can be recruited for bone growth | zone of reserve cartilage
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| zone of dividing chondrocytes | zone of proliferation
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| contains mature chondrocytes | zone of hypertrophy/maturation
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| dead chondrocytes + some calcified | zone of calcification
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| calcified chondrocytes + osteoblasts | zone of ossification
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| zones epiphyseal plate: close-far | - zone of reserve cartilage
- zone of proliferation
- zone of hypertrophy/maturation
- zone of calcification
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| bones grow in width | appositional growth
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| new, round lamella are formed | appositional growth
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| osteoblasts put calcium into bloodstream | bone deposition
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| osteoclasts break down bone to reabsorb calcium | bone resorption
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| physical factors why bone remodel | - tension/stress + compression increase tissue in bone
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| hormonal factors why bone remodel | - testosterone/estrogen stimulate bone growth
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| dietary factors why bone remodel | - calcium ion
- vitamin D
-vitamin C
- vitamin K
- Protein
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| increase blood calcium ion levels | parathyroid hormone
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| increase osteoclast activity to relase calcium | parathyroid hormone
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| tells digestive system to absorb calcium in food | parathyroid
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| inhibits calcium in urine | parathyroid
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| Hormone decreasing calcium ion levels | calcitonin
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| Hormone that leads to bone deposition | calcitonin
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| Affects the absorption of calcium ions from the gut | Vitamin D
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